Lean Management

LEAN IN PRODUCTION AND SERVICE The word term ‘’LEAN’’ was put together to describe and personalize Toyota’s business activity during the 1980’s by a research team headed by one Jim Womack, Ph. D. , at MIT’s international Motor vehicle programme. According to them, the concept of ‘LEAN’ was fathered by Taiichi Ohno of Toyota. Ohno developed a contrasting approach to the mass production methods of US car firms through necessity. Later, in 1996, Jim Womack’s team espoused the five lean principles and also lean tools that they believed were the secret for Toyota’s success. According to Oxford dictionaries, Lean means efficient and with no wastage. The core idea of lean is to minimize wastage and at the same time maximize customer value. Customer value is of utmost importance to a lean organization and the organization will focus on its key processes to continue increasing the value. Ultimately, the goal is to provide the perfect value creation process that has no wastage. To accomplish this value creation and zero wastage goal, lean thinking changes the focus of a management from optimizing separate technologies, assets and vertical departments to optimize the flow of products and services through entire value streams that flow horizontally across technologies, assets and department customers. By reducing or eliminating waste along the entire stream of value, we will be able to come up with processes that would need less effort, less space, reduced capitals and reduced time in order to make products and services at prices far less than normal and with fewer defects. Organizations will be able to be responsive towards changing customer needs and wants with a lot of variety, higher quality, reduced costs and with less throughput times. Information management will also be much simpler and much more accurate. Lean management is a concept which can be applied in every business and every process. It should not be compared with a cost reduction program or tactic because it is a way of thinking and acting that applies to the whole organization. Nowadays, it is common that businesses across all industries and services, including the health care and even governments around the world are applying the concept of lean as the way they think and operate their business. Many of these organizations does not use the word lean out of choice and tend to label their practices as their own system, such as the Toyota Production System or the Danaher Business System. It is done to instill a point that lean is not a simple programme or a short term ost reduction solutions, but the way the company operates. the term ‘Transformation’ or ‘lean Transformation’ are usually used to characterize a company that is moving from an old way to a lean thinking way. this transformation requires a complete transformation on how a company usually conducts their business, thus, requiring long term perspective and perseverance through the changing time. It is also interesting to note that the concept of lean in production and servic e has the touch of one of the greater management thinkers, W. Edwards Deming who had great influence in Japanese manufacturing. He believed that the present manufacturing scenario is a prison of interacting people and stressed the importance of re-inventing the management processes in order to achieve higher efficiency and value. In implementing lean in production or services, I will be following the concept espoused by Womack’s team that stressed on three important business issues that will be able to guide the transformation process of an entire organization into a lean organization. In order to achieve lean objectives in an organization, it is important first of all to note that the organization and the people leading the transformation need to have a lean vision. In order to develop this lean vision, we can concentrate on three fundamental business issues which are Purpose, Process and People. By thinking deeply into these three aspects, a lean implementer can try to answer critical questions on the vision of the organization. If we are able to answer the key questions that I have associated with each of the aspects, I believe that we can develop a vision for lean implementation in our organization. The questions would be:- 1. purpose what are the customer problems will the organization try to solve in order to achieve their own purpose of prospering? 2. Process: how will the organization assess each major value stream devised to make sure each step in the value stream is valuable, capable, available, adequate and flexible? 3. People: how will the organization ensure that every important process in the value stream has someone responsible for continually evaluating it in terms of business purpose and also lean process? How will everyone involved in the value stream be engaged actively in the process of operating it correctly and continually improving it? As for the next step that I would take, it would be on the possible implementation of the core lean principle into my organization. This, I believe would involve the core of lean which is basically waste reduction. Usually, in an organization including production and service oriented organizations, we can find seven basic types of waste, which I am listing below. ? Producing goods and services beyond the immediate need of the customers. Unnecessary movement of products due to poor layout planning. ? Wasted motions when working. ? Time idling and wastage. ? Implementing processes that are unimportant to finish a product. ? Poor inventory management. ? Many defects in the finished product or output. Usually, waste will be present in any activity that does not add any value to the finished product or services. By trying to eliminate waste, the materia l velocity will be increase drastically. This means products will reach the customers hand in a very quick manner. This is an advantage because it delivers high strategic advantages beyond the obvious cost savings. Bad quality will be eliminated and lead times are shortened effectively. Eliminating waste can be considered as a strategic goal in service oriented and manufacturing oriented organizations. As I have mentioned before, elimination of waste will ensure increase in strategic advantages such as increased income and increased customer satisfaction. In adapting lean processes and services, we may be confronted by some constrains and challenges. The adaptability of lean depends on the nature of our business. We have to remember that there is a vast difference in between the service and production industries, and it lies in the source that creates the variation that causes waste to happen. Logically, manufacturing operations are far more controllable compared to service industry, because of its laboratory like settings compared to the service industry. Uncertainty usually does result from material and labor inputs, but we can still anticipate those uncertainties and take steps to control it to a great extent. For example, Toyota, pioneer in lean management is production/manufacturing based organization, and the employees, product esign and the production tools are usually under the control of the operations to a great extent, rendering it easier for implementers to anticipate uncertainty and implement the efficient lean management. In contrast, service organizations operate in a vast sea of uncertainty and risks and when uncertainty is present, it is much harder to anticipate and control variability that will be present together with it, For example, a project management company. We know that each project that the company will receive or implement will be different in nature. The volatility of the service industry, in particular a project management company, requires that lean management principles is implemented on a case by case method, i. e. different implementation and methods for different projects. This nature of the service industry is contributed by a few causes. Let's look at these causes one by one:- ? Uncertainty in task times. It is the nature of service products that the execution of each and every service delivery has some uniqueness. Taking the example of the project management company, each project taken may not be similar to each other, thus making it difficult to judge the task time needed. This variability in the service industry leads to a negative exponential distribution of task times. This simply means to say that most of the tasks execution will fall within a tight range, and some execution will take a longer time. Considering airplane boarding as another example, there is uncertainty present in the sense that it will take different amount of time among different groups of customers to board the plane. ? Uncertainty in demand. While there are ways to forecast demand in service industry, we can’t claim that it is 100% perfect. Usually, manufacturers buffer this forecast uncertainty with some finished goods inventory, but this is not the case in the service industry for example, we can forecast that reservations for a hotel will increase during peak seasons but it depends on many other fluctuating factors. Sometimes it is very hard to predict the demand of individual customer. As an example, a wedding planner essentially does planning job for customers wedding, but this lanning differs based on customer preferences, budget and also other factors. This uncertainty renders each wedding and the process that the organization goes through to put together the wedding, a unique one. ? Customers' production roles. As we can see from both the uncertainties above, we can summarize that it has much to do with customers. This is because typically, customers have some role to play in the production of a service, w e introduce variability based on how well we perform our roles. Customers almost always have to provide some information to the service agents to initiate service, and we usually have some tangible tasks to perform. So, as I have already stated it before, this condition create unique situations that needs personal implementations of lean in order to make sure wastage is reduced and value is delivered to each individual customers. Lean implementation involves finding solutions that will be able to offset the challenges and difficulties that we may face in our organization to achieve a successful outcome that will support a competitive operations strategy. Professors Kent Bowen and Steven Spear (HBS DBA '99), drew on a framework of 4 principles of the Toyota Production System that they believed will reduce the constrains, difficulties and challenges to a minimum in order to enjoy leaner productions and service. The framework contains 4 easily implement able rules:- Rule no. 1: all work should be highly specific as to content, sequence, timing and outcome. Rule no. 2: every customer-supplier connections must be direct, and there must be an unambiguous yes or no ways to send request and receive responses. Rule no. 3: the pathway for every products and services must be simple and direct. Rule no. 4: any improvements must be made in accordance with the specific method, under the guidance of a teacher, at the lowest possible level in the organization. Basically, my plan for a successful implementation of lean depends on the 4 rules given above, but I am going to give it some twist with adding some additional techniques that I feel would encourage faster and easier ways to overcome challenges faced by organizations implementing lean. I am going to add a three step initiative taken by Wipro, an Indian software developer, which can boost the implementation of lean, which are:- †¢ Abolish Hierarchies. Devise a bottom-up organization that allows many people to have a field-wide view of the process to spot problems and identify efficiencies. †¢ Continuous Improvement. Using â€Å"kaizen† initiative. Encouraging organizational level knowledge sharing through effective and efficient work improvement. †¢ Lean Tools. Use of tools specific to the process based on lean principles which can be utilized to pinpoint wasted time and effort. A combination of both these initiatives, I believe can lead to a lean flow which will be the tool that I would utilize to mitigate the challenges that can be faced during lean implementation. Drawing up a process flow chart that represents each step that a product/service would go through is essential. It is advisable to represent these sequential processes graphically in a flow chart. This is the first step towards an error and waste free production. For each and every products or processes that are present in the process flow charts, another level of details is required. This involves the task-level work with associated , with associated work-content times, with associated work-content times, quality verifications and worker qualifications. We can also produce a product/process matrix with products on the vertical axis and processes on the horizontal axis. At every intersection of product and process, this matrix, or spreadsheet should be recording the total reasonable validated work times that has been devised. We must also be able to calculate Takt. Takt is a German word which basically mean beat, pace or rhythm. Businesses, especially service oriented business must march to the beat of the customers and we must keep up with our customers pace.. Takt, can be calculated as, work time per day divided by customer requirements per day. This calculation represents how often each process must be performed, and at what capacity level, to take care of your customer’s needs and demands and be able to meet it as soon as possible. In order to have sustainable lean benefits, the implementation of lean must bridge the gap from project to project and also business practices. Quality documents procedures, policies and measures must reflect and drive Lean as a way of life. This will ensure success in reducing waste. Planning and procurement drives daily lean execution. Lean manufacturing is more responsive, with shorter lead time and greater mix and volume flexibility. We must be able to change our planning to take full advantage of lean. Bibliography Womack. J. P, Lean Enterprise Institute Inc. 2009, What Is Lean (Online) Available at: http://www. lean. rg/WhatsLean/ (Accessed 20th October 2009) Ahlstrom, P (2004) ‘Lean service operations: translating lean production principles to service operations’ International Journal of Services Technology and Management, Vol 5, nos 5-6 pp545-564 Spear and Bowen 1999 ‘Decoding the DNA of the Toyota Production System’ Harvard Business Review Sept-Oct Womack, J. P. and D. T. Jones 1996 ‘Lean Thinking’ New York, Simon & Schuster. Taylor: FW 1998 ‘The Principles of Scientific Management’ Dover Publications: New York. First published in 1911 Ohno, T 1988 ‘Toyota Production System’ Productivity Press: Portland, Oregon. Translated from Japanese original, first published 1978 David McPhetrige, 2009, An industry consultant provides guidance on implementing a basic Lean plan. MPO magazine. (Online) Available at: http://www. mpo-mag. com/articles/2009/09/meeting-the-challenges-of-lean-flow (Accessed on 21st October 2009) Hanna. J, 2007, Bringing ‘Lean’ Principles to Service Industry. Harvard Business School (Online) Available at: http://hbswk. hbs. edu/item/5741. html (Accessed on 21st October 2009)

Perioperative handouts

Perl-operative Nursing Phases of Perl-operative period 1. PRE- operative phase 2. INTRA- operative phase 3. POST- operative phase PRE-Operative Phase Begins when the decision to have surgery is made and ends when the client is transferred to the operating table INTRA-operative Phase Begins when the client is transferred to the operating table and ends when the client is admitted to the post-anesthesia unit Post-operative Phase Begins with the admission of the client to the PACIFIC and ends when healing is complete Activities in the Pre-pop 1 . Assessing the clients 2. Identifying potential or actual health problems 3.Planning specific care 4. Providing pre-operative teaching 5. Ensure consent is signed Activities during the Intra-pop 1 . Assisting the surgeon as scrub nurse and circulating nurse Activities in the POST-pop 2. Assessing responses to surgery 3. Performing interventions to promote healing 4. Prevent complications 5. Planning for home-care 6. Assist the client to achieve optimal recovery TYPES of SURGERY 1 . According to PURPOSE 2. According to degree of URGENCY 3. According to degree of RISK Effects of Surgery on the Client Stress response (Neuroscience response) is activated Resistance to infection is lowered due to surgical incisionVascular system is disturbed due to severing of blood vessels and blood loss Organ function may be altered due to manipulation Factors influencing Surgical Risk Age Nutrition Fluid and Electrolyte balance General health status: infection, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary problems, liver dysfunctions, renal dysfunctions or metabolic disorders Medications affecting Surgery Anticoagulants like aspirin and UNSAID should be discontinued 2 weeks Tranquilizer may cause hypertension and shock Antibiotics like encyclopedias may intensify effects of anesthesia Diuretics may cause electrolyte imbalance antiphon may cause hypertension Psychological support Assess client's fears, anxieties, support system and patterns of coping Es tablish a trusting relationship with client and family Explain routine procedures, encourage fertilization of fears and allow clients to ask questions Provide for spiritual care if needed Preoperative teaching Assess client's level of understanding of surgical procedure and its implications Answer questions, clarify and reinforce explanations given by the surgeon Explain routine pre-pop and post-pop procedures Teach coughing and deep breathing exercise, splinting of incision, turning side to did.Explain its importance in preventing complications Assure client that pain medication will be given Pre-operative teaching Physical Preparation Obtain hex of past medical conditions Perform baseline head to toe examinations including vital signs Ensure that diagnostic exams are performed CB, Electrolytes, APT/APT, Urinalysis, EGG, Blood typing, Chest Cray Prepare client skin Shower with antibacterial soap to cleanse skin Skin prep if ordered: shave or clip hairs and cleanse appropriate areas to reduce bacteria on skin Administer enema if ordered Promote adequate rest and asleep Instruct client to remain NP after midnight to prevent vomiting and aspiration Pre-pop elimination Laxatives, enemas or both may be prescribed the night before surgery Have the client void immediately BEFORE transferring them to the OR Foley catheter may be inserted as ordered Legal Responsibility Surgeon obtains operative permit (Informed consent) 1. Surgical procedure, alternatives, possible complications, disfigurements 2.Part of nurse's role as client advocate to confirm that clients understands information given Informed Consent An active shared decision making process between the provider and the recipient of are. 3 conditions 1 . Adequate disclosure of the diagnosis, nature and purpose of treatment, risk and consequences, probability of successful outcome and prognosis if treatment is not done. 2. Patient must demonstrate a clear understanding and comprehension of information being provid ed 3. Recipient of care must give consent voluntarily, not persuaded or coerced to undergo the procedure. Consent are not needed for emergency care if; 1. There is an immediate threat to life 2. Experts agree that it is an emergency 3. Client is unable to consent 4. A legally authorized person cannot be reachedPreparation Immediately before surgery Obtain a baseline vital signs Provide oral hygiene and remove dentures Remove client's clothing and dress in clean gown Remove nail polish, cosmetics, Jewelry Instruct to empty bladder Check identification band Intra-operative phase interventions Determine the type of surgery and anesthesia used Position client appropriately for surgery Assist the surgeon as circulating or scrub nurse Maintain the sterility of the surgical field Monitor for developing complications Preparing the surgical site Purpose of prepping is to reduce the unit of organisms available to migrate to the surgical wound. Task is the responsibility of the circulating nur se Principle of scrubbing from the clean area to dirty area is observed at all times Anesthetics Anesthetics are drugs that are used to cause complete or partial loss of sensation. The numerous anesthetics can be broadly classified as : 1. General 2.Local anesthetics General Anesthesia Loss of sensation with loss of consciousness Skeletal muscle relaxation Analgesia Elimination of somatic, autonomic and endocrine response including coughing, gagging and vomiting Protective reflexes are lost Amnesia, analgesia and hypnosis occur Administered in two ways: Inhalation Intravenous IV anesthetics Produces rapid, smooth induction, may be used alone in short procedures Common IV anesthetics: methodical, Sodium tapeline (Penetrate), modally Disadvantages: poor relaxation, respiratory and myocardial depression in high doses, bronchiole's, laryngitis's, hypertension and respiratory depression Dissociation Agents Produce state of profound analgesia, amnesia and lack of awareness without loss of consciousness Astatine (Catalan) Side effects: tachycardia, hypertension, respiratory depression, hallucinations Precautions: decrease verbal, tactile and visual stimulation during recovery periodNarcoleptics Produces state of narcoleptic analgesia characterized by reduced motor activity and analgesia without loss of consciousness Fontanel citrate (Innovator) SE; hypertension, brickyard, respiratory depression, skeletal muscle rigidity, twitching Precaution: reduce narcotic dose to prevent respiratory depression Local Anesthesia Local anesthetics are drugs that cause a loss of sensation in limited areas of the body to abolish pain. They are powerful nerve blockers injected locally. Systemic absorption of the anesthetics can produce numerous side effects. Examples of Local anesthetics: The â€Å"CANINES† Loading Debasing Procaine Terracing The side effects of local anesthetics Local effects- local irritation and skin breakdown CONS effects if systemic absorption occurs- heada che, restlessness, anxiety, dizziness, tremors and blurred vision.GIG system- nausea, vomiting Cardiac- arrhythmias, peripheral vacillation, myocardial depression, and rarely, cardiac arrest Nursing Responsibilities Maintain emergency equipment on standby to provide life-support in cases of severe reactions Ensure that drugs are available for managing hypertension, cardiac arrest ND CONS alterations. Provide adequate hydration to patients receiving spinal anesthesia. Position the client supine for up to 12 hours after spinal anesthesia to minimize spinal headache Provide safety and comfort measures such as side-rails up, frequent skin care and supportive care Give health teaching to explain things the patient needs to know to allay fears. Stages of Anesthesia Depth Usually trained individuals with the special equipments ready for life support administer the agents The patient undergoes through a predictable stages known as STAGES of ANESTHESIA: 1 to 4

A Kiss Before Dying- Summary and Analysis

A Kiss before Dying A Kiss before Dying  is a novel written in 1953 by  Ira Levin. It won the Edgar Award in 1954, for Best First Novel. The book was adapted twice for the cinema: first in  1956  and later in  1991. This novel summary is: Bud and Dorothy is a couple who in love happily with each other. They study at Stoddard College in Blue River. They belong together and one day Dorothy is pregnant. That is really bad time for them to have a baby this time, especially for Bud; the Bud’s future plan or dream will be uncompleted. Dorothy wants to get married: Bud doesn’t want.That means he must to leave the college and to struggle in real life and earn to family. Bud tries to persuade Dorothy to take some pills to eliminate the baby, and tells Dorothy if the pills don’t work, he will marry her. Dorothy tries the pills: they don’t work at all. Bud feel really worry because of Dorothy’s pregnancy; he may not get the good education he wants, t he proper jobs he wants or he will get a poorer paid jobs. He decides he needs to kill her, Dorothy! Bud plans to kill Dorothy really carefully, and prepared what need to be prepared.But his plans fails, and he starts to get more and more desperate, since the wedding day approaches in a hurry. He tries to set everything like the Dorothy’s ‘suicide. ’ On the wedding day, on the top of the building where the Marriage Bureau is, He pushes Dorothy off the edge, and it all looks like her suicide. After murder, Bud moves to Caldwell College. Bud and Ellen becomes lover and Ellen is Dorothy’s elder sister. Ellen goes to Blue River because of Dorothy’s suicide; she really wonders about her younger sister’s suicide.She wants to know obviously what really happened. She writes Bud a letter to explain the case. In Blue River, she narrows it down to two doubts which she will know later is innocent. Ellen gets to know one of the suspects that is Dwight Pow ell. He and Dorothy go out together, and one time she follows him home. He goes upstairs to get something and Bud is waiting for him upstairs. Bud kills Powell by shooting him with cold blood. Ellen leaps up the stairs and Bud tells Dorothy Powell tried to kill her. In Dorothy’s understanding that time, Bud is the hero.Later the same night she is dead. In the same year, he goes back home. He thinks about to kill the third daughter of Leo Kingship, Marion. In the other hand, he will gain the great benefits if he has Leo Kingship as a father-in-law. He moves to New York to know Marion. In a short time, she falls in love with him, because he knew everything about her surprisingly, and he wrote down a list of things about her. Suddenly, Gordon Gant appears in New York. Bud tells about his plans to Leo Kingship, but Gant doesn’t want to listen to Bud.But Bud changes his mind about hearing when Gant finds the list of things Bud wrote. One day, Bud went with Lei and Marion an d Gant to Leo Kingships Copperworks. They take a tour around the company. After that, Gant try to encounter Bud with the murder on Dorothy and Ellen: Bud rejects every accusing. They are threatening him by trying to push him near the copper smelter. At the final, he admits all and he falls into the smelter carelessly. The tragedy is here at the Leo Kingships Copperworks. The theme analysis A Kiss before DyingThe theme of the story is about betrayal and detective. The murderer, who is Bud, tries to love each other with the ladies who are the Leo Kingship’s daughters. He wants to gain benefits from their father because they are rich. When they fall in love, he betrays the ladies; he kills Dorothy because she got pregnancy all at once. He is afraid if he doesn’t kill her, his future life will fall apart: he needs to leave the college, to find the job, or to work hard to treat her and the baby. He also betrays Ellen by to kill her because she saw he shot Powell in the buil ding.Ellen knows the secret, so she deserves death. Bud is good at investigating; he knows everything about his ladies by finding out the personal data. In the story, he tries to think how to do the trick on writing message by other person. In addition, Marion is better at investigating. She firstly wonders about her younger sister’s death and she try to find out. At last, she knows everything about the death that is not a suicide: it is the murder. The kingships try to investigate and they get it at last. The Style analysis A Kiss before DyingThis novel, A kiss before Dying, is written by using easy and modern language style with dialogue, which makes the readers busy and interested. The readers can understand easily the story and the language can capture the readers’ mind because it is modern. The novel is divided into three parts called  Dorothy,  Ellen  and  Marion, which are divided into chapters from 1 to 15 in each part. The author uses personal narratio n to narrate the whole story. The perspective is alternated between different characters. The author sets some interested detective scenes in the novel, also thriller scenes in each part.And there is none of the gratuitous violence and gory detail that readers expect from thrillers novel. Personal Response A Kiss before Dying Firstly, I need to read this novel in the class and I start to read it with the lukewarmness because it is pretty thick book. When I read it for four to five pages of book, I feel it is a bit fun. So, I continue read it all. In the story, I really sympathize Dorothy and the baby because they are killed pitifully. They didn’t do anything wrong, especially the baby; the baby does nothing.In my understanding, Marion is really clever; she investigates and tries to find the truth and she got it at the final. Bud is heartless, he kills the innocent. I strongly like this writing style of this novel: it is divided in many parts many chapters. The can read only o ne or two chapters and pause and do other thing and I can back to read again. The thrillers make me fun and scared sometimes. I feel pity for the Kingships. The Kingships daughters were killed. And Bud deserves falling into the smelter because he did many really bad things to other. Glossy Word dapted – changed in order to improve or made more fit for a particular purpose couple –   a pair who associate with one another pregnant – carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life struggle – an energetic attempt to achieve something persuade – cause somebody to adopt a certain position, belief, or course of action twist somebody's arm eliminate – terminate, end, or take out suicide – a person who kills himself intentionally smelter – an industrial plant for smelting tragedy – an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

Ethical analysis on a contemporary issue in the news Essay

Ethical analysis on a contemporary issue in the news - Essay Example Goldman Company is not an exception to this because; it has been in several occasions engaged in shoddy business. The company is seen as a greedy, with the sole intention of making money, and allowing its managers to acquire large wealth in the process leading to the creation of a negative image. The company is among other companies on Wall Street that are engaged in several business operations, and managed to overcome the storm of the financial crisis, and still doing well despite the challenges facing the company in relation to ethics. The role of the company in ensuring that it collects a lot of money is visible from the inception. The company, Goldman Sachs began in 1869 as a humble company with the sole purpose of clearing for commercial paper. The company founded by Marcus Goldman, and his son in law Samuel Sachs began as a loan provider for small banks. Later the company was influenced with the market environment thus moved from the set idea of the founders to start of the one-on-one loans. The company due to the method of operation led to the market crash of 1929. Despite the negative contribution, the company managed to overcome the negative image and continued to become a greater company with increased revenue and capital. The company engaged customers in making money leading to the development of a new strategy of operation, which created a chance for the company to raise more capital. The approach employed in the system was to create an investment company buys 90% shares. In buying 90% of the investment company shares, Goldman drives the share prices up, and because the shares have been bought by the company. In response, the buyers rush to buy the shares of the company which the Goldman sells at a price higher than the initial buying price. In such case, the company becomes a broker and has defied the honesty issue in business ethics. Goldman by conducting such businesses raises a lot of money. The money

The Role of an Oncology Nurse in USA Research Paper

The Role of an Oncology Nurse in USA - Research Paper Example 1.2 The Role of an Oncology Nurse in USA The role of oncology nurses differs in relation to intensive care which has more focus on bone marrow transplantation and on cancer detection, screening and prevention. Practice of oncology includes participating in nursing research studies, making educational curricula, serving the patients as consultants and performing functions of executive. The main emphasis in all these roles is to provide nursing care to patients, planning, evaluation and nursing diagnosis. This process helps nurses to take a systematic and organized approach in the treatment of cancer patients. The role of oncology nurses is related to professionalism rather than just an occupation for instance a person working whole day in front of computer and conducting analysis. It requires professional practice and detailed knowledge of psychosocial and biologic dimensions of cancer problems. So it requires thorough practice, learning and research, after this only a person can be p rofessional. While occupation is linked to what one learns in his academic life and implement that in practice, this cannot be considered professionalism. Therefore this role is linked to the definition of professionalism rather than occupation. It is a broader concept then just an occupation (Brant JM & Wickham RS, 2004, p.1). So, the role of oncology nurses focuses on three core areas such as: Patient education Patient assessment Coordination of care Patient education Nurses have more opportunity to expand the knowledge of patients in relation to their disease and to educate them accordingly to have efficiency in treatment. They educate in order to assist patients to deal with their diagnosis, symptoms and long term adjustments, to gain information of prevention, to develop their knowledge and skills or to regain health status. Nurses teach patients through various tools and methods such as visual, printed and audiovisual materials are used by nurses to identify patient needs and abilities. Patient assessment Oncology nurses assess patient’s emotional and physical status, health practices, past history and heath, tries to achieve knowledge in relation to diagnoses from the patient as well as his family. Oncology nurses know the results and implications of pathology, laboratory and imaging studies. Coordination of care Oncology nurses plays imperative role in coordinating the complex and multiple technologies which are used in cancer treatment and diagnoses. This coordination involves taking care of patients, preparing all medical records, management of symptoms, participation of therapy, educating patients as well as family, counseling and follow-ups. Nurses should serve as patient’s first line of communication. Therefore, it is imperative for nurses to get sufficient information about the patient and his family (Johnson Mary, 2004, p. 80). 1.3 Oncology Nursing Education A whole educational curriculum is developed to create understanding and en hance their knowledge of epidemiology, cancer biology, treatment, nursing issues and practices and trends in cancer care. Specific journals which help to

Networkinh Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Networkinh - Assignment Example In this scenario, they need to implement a computer network. This report discusses the scenario of Sally and John’s business, as they are running their business without having a proper computer network. This report suggests ways that can be adopted to improve their business capabilities. Introduction A computer network consists of a set of a number of parts which include hardware, software, and computers and all these parts are connected with each other using a wired or wireless medium to help business workers work in cooperation. Additionally, a network is established using particular cabling systems, software, communication medium and devices which deal with data traffic. Hence, a computer network allows its users to share files such as MS Word documents and resource such as scanners and printers, and transmits messages and data files electronically (or email) to each other (TechsChange, 2010; Nash, 2000; Norton, 2001; Turban et al., 2005). This report discusses the concept of networking in the context of Sally and John’s business. They are running their business without having a network support so they are facing several problems in managing their business tasks. This report guides them regarding the establishment of an effective network structure. Problem Analysis and Proposed Solution Up till now John and Sally have been using traditional approaches to run and manage their business process. In view of the fact that their business is growing rapidly and there is a need for an effective communication structure in order to deal with growing business needs hence they need to implement a computer network. A computer network is a set of computers which are connected with each other using wired or wireless medium. In this scenario, networks which are used using wires and cables are known as wired networks. On the other hand, wireless networks use microwaves or radio waves for the communication (Mitchell, 2013; Shelly et al., 2005; Malladi & Agrawal, 2002). Some of the basic requirements and objectives of this network implementation are: John and Silly want to improve communication structure for their business The establishment of an effective data and file sharing environment Implementation of secure data access points of communication Getting a support for remote access to the network Getting the facility of remote data transfer and access mechanism Putting into practice modern data communication framework Implementing an effective data recovery and backup mechanism The implementation of a network structure which allows them to transfer and retrieve data at high speed Suggested Solution Implementation of a VPN (Virtual Private Network) In light of business needs and objectives of John and Sally, I would suggest them to implement a modern and efficient network structure for their business. In this scenario, I would suggest them to implement a virtual private network VPN. A virtual private network extends the range of a private network incorporates connections all the way through public or shared networks such as the Internet. Basically, a VPN allows users to send and receive data and files between two computers across a public or shared internetwork in a way that follows the rules and characteristics of a point-to-point private link. In addition, the

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 11

Business - Essay Example As the Sjostrand and Tyrstrup (2001) reaffirm ‘leadership is all about managing creativity’. Thus, any new business needs to be conceptualized in terms of the changing paradigms of business environment. It is also important to identify factors and issues that would help meet the challenges with efficiency and unmatched proficiency. Hence, vision and mission of the business become intrinsic part of conceptualization of a business. Friendly Coffee Bar (FCB) would enter into this field with the express vision of being a one point service provider for quality coffee, prepared to satisfy the tastes of their customers ensuring adequate consideration to the environmental imperatives and social responsibilities. The mission statements of the Friendly Coffee Bar are designed to meet the needs and requirements of the customers through well planned strategy which would help fulfil the long term vision of the organization. Become the best service provider in the field of fresh coffee and deliver services in the hi-tech ambience providing relaxing environment with background music, television with headset, books and journal so that people can de-stress in comfort in short time. FCB would be a trendy, state of the art coffee shop that would provide quality and fresh coffee to its target customers. The outlet would also educate people about the qualities of the coffee from different laces and fine techniques of roasting coffee beans to generate the distinct aroma, thus establishing personal relationship with the customers. Special consideration would be paid to the needs and requirements of the customers. The formation of the shop would be a proprietorship enterprise under the service industry, specializing in soft drinks and beverages. Compliance under the state laws and local development agency would be followed, ensuring quality service at competitive prices. The fast changing socio economic