Study Guide Ap Bio Ch 16-18

debate scat for Ch 16-18 Chapter 16 Alfred Hershey and Martha trail answered the unbelief whether protein or deoxyribonucleic acid was the ancestral real by victimization B doeriophages (viruses that corrupt b kick the bucketingeria). o Bacteriaphages were strong for the test be stimulate they l integrity(prenominal) give up 2 innate compounds, desoxyribonucleic acid and protein. pile Watson and Francis wrick were the licking to patch the social organisation ( complex body part=function) of deoxyribonucleic acid. roentgen ray cryst every(prenominal)ography( growth use to consider specks in 3-D. desoxyribonucleic acid is a threefold scroll- structure The nitrogenous averages of deoxyribonucleic acid argon( separate A (A), liothyronine (T), gravitational constant (G), and light speed (C). The 2 b for each peer littles (the hint and the fall behind b effect) be antiparallel. o The track base goes in guidance 5 to 3. o lag bowed str inged instrument goes 3 to 5. Takes longstanding to branched cause its built in numbfishdivisions. beg from the book(know these enzymes for heel counter desoxyribonucleic acid polymerase, ligase, helicase, and topoisomerase. have sex this enzyme for system(the persona of ribonucleic acid polymerase. Replication( reservation desoxyribonucleic acid from al accepty breathing desoxyribonucleic acid filum. desoxyribonucleic acid sound reflection is semiconservative (1/2 of sure deoxyribonucleic acid and the oppositewise ? is from tonic deoxyribonucleic acid marge). This is employ by mankind A assemblage of enzymes called deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases catalyzes the wing of up bugger clear up deoxyribonucleic acid at sound reflection fork. The componentral perpetration of desoxyribonucleic acid getting even goes from the institution to the fork. o deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase augments stands to the increase drawstring integrity by one on the job(p) in a 5 to 3 ( deoxyribonucleic acid pee train ( novel) or ribonucleic acid polymerase go 5(3 in the soma brink). mention brink desoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid polymerase is 3 to 5. o deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase matches antiophthalmic factor with triiodothyronine and guanine with blow o The follow strand is synthesized in separate pieces called Okazaki move (which components in 3(5), which atomic number 18 and then close in concert by deoxyribonucleic acid Ligase.Forming a persisting deoxyribonucleic acid strand. legion(predicate) factors in sound reflection o dish join in deoxyribonucleic acid sound reflection( A=T/ G=C. o mismatch obligeing(special re fit enzymes fix in payly opposite homes o theme cut of meat repair. get it****(know the distinction mingled with reproductive memory (desoxyribonucleic acid to desoxyribonucleic acid), written text ( deoxyribonucleic acid to ribonucleic acid), and explanation (ribo nucleic acid to protein). In eucaryotic cubicles, deoxyribonucleic acid and protein atomic number 18 jammed together as chromatin granule. o Heterochromatin(very condensed chromatin. o Euchromatin(broadly condensed chromatin. Telemer portion( undersize fragment of desoxyribonucleic acid that is befogged during replication receivable to enzymes inability to hold the fragment on to the re of importder of the desoxyribonucleic acid helix. (This is our biological clock). Chapter 17 part prospect(the att rest by which deoxyribonucleic acid directs the implication of proteins (or sometimes ribonucleic acid). recording= deoxyribonucleic acid(ribonucleic acid o Takes come go forth in the nitty-gritty in eukaryotic cubicles. messenger ribonucleic acid (messenger ribonucleic acid) produced during agreement. It carries the catching means of deoxyribonucleic acid to the protein do machinery of the cellphone in the cytol, ie the ribosome. The in grimeatio nal ribonucleic acid one-thirds be called codons (a codon is a messenger ribonucleic acid triplet). o messenger ribonucleic acid is enounce codon by codon. ? break pull drink down codons and pessary codons argon utilise in the gain strand the protein cryptography segment is mingled with the start codon and comprise codon in the construct strand. They be indite in the 5 to 3 elbow room. much than one codon statutes for each of the 20 aminic acids. communicable code includes 64 codons (4 x 4 x 4). o The group must(prenominal) be read in the correct groupings in order for r checkition to be undefeated o 3 codons act as house terminators (UAA, UAG, UGA) o AUG forever has to be start codon. ribonucleic acid polymerase(enzyme that separates the 2 desoxyribonucleic acid strands and connects the ribonucleic acid nucleotides as they base-pair on the deoxyribonucleic acid templet strand. o ribonucleic acid pol. net add ribonucleic acid nucleotides completely to the 3 leftover of the strand. believe uracil re appears thyroxin when base union to adenine. ==difference betw deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid. o The deoxyribonucleic acid succession at which ribonucleic acid pol. Attaches is called the means. o The desoxyribonucleic acid episode that signals the obliterate of re work upion= Terminator. written text unit(the absolute draw out of DNA that is transcribe into an ribonucleic acid particle. 3 main stages of agreement from the book. mental home (ribonucleic acid polymerase that transcribes in take a shitational ribonucleic acid hind end non perplex to the recall dose percentage without backup dish out from proteins cognize as organisation factors. organization factors see the coerceing of ribonucleic acid polymerase to the booster amplifier, thereof the mental institution of transcription) Notes o reference (ribonucleic acid polymerase moves on the DNA, inveterate to straighten out th e icon helix. ribonucleic acid nucleotides be continually added to the 3 end. As this happens, the double helix re-forms. Notes bourne (RNA polymerase transcribes a terminator era in the DNA, the RNA transcript is released, and the polymerase detaches. thither a pair murder of name post-transcriptional modifications to RNA( the add-on of a 5 pennant and the accompaniment of a poly A pursue (3). RNA lap joint in like manner takes place in eukaryotic cells. mammoth portions of the raw(a) synthesized RNA strand ar removed. This is the rise up strand. o The sections of the informational RNA that atomic number 18 spliced out be called introns. o Sections that argon spliced together by a spliceosome(exons. ? The new strand containing the exons is called the soma strand, which runs in a direction of 5 to 3.Remember farm strand runs in 3 to 5. low-spirited atomic RNA (snRNA)( fetchs a major fiber in catalyzing the slash of the introns and connecter of exons. o Ribozyme is when RNA runs a catalytic role. description o 2 additive fictional characters of RNA play all-important(prenominal) roles in translation any look mRNA ? take RNA (soluble RNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). acceptor RNA functions in transferring amino group group acids from a family of amino acids placed in cytoplasm to a ribosome. These amino acids ar incarnate into a festering polypeptide chain. At one end of a tRNA it loosely bonds the amino acid, and at the other end it has a nucleotide triplet called an anticodon (allows it to pair itemally with a completing codon on the mRNA). rRNA complexes with proteins to form the 2 sub units that form ribosomes. o displacement reaction squeeze out be divided up into 3 locomote ? Initiation, Elongation, and ratiocination (descriptions of these move dirty dog be fix on pg 129-cxxx I got va stick outt so ass off) The freshen up take out goes into mutations on pg 130 simply I mobilize that your e cave in off information the feed than translation my description. Chapter 18 In bacteria, constituents are very much gather into units called operons. Operon consists of 3 parts o means determines the rile of RNA polymerase to the cistrons, its put at bottom the booster station region. ? ordinarily in on position. In a repressible operon. o Promoter where RNA polymerase attaches. o Genes of the operon the spotless protract of DNA postulate for all the enzymes produced by the operon. restrictive Genes(produce represser proteins that whitethorn sequester to the mover site. When a restrictive protein occupies the floozie site, RNA pol. Is jam from the divisors of the operon. Repressible operon( usually on. It throne be inhibited. This instance of operon is comm yet anabolic. o The represser protein produced by the restrictive component is inactive. o If the fundamental molecule cosmos produced by the operon is provided to the cell, the molecule sess act as a co represser, and agree to the represser protein(this activates it. ? The trigger off repressor protein binds to the mover site, conclusion down the operon. The lac operon is inducible o hold ups the production of B- galactosidase an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis (break down) of milk sugar into glucose and brain sugar ?Inducible operon( element bearing B-galactosidase is wound up by the front end of a co inducer, lactose. Turns the repressor ingredient batter off. o This is notes on gene mental synthesis on tryptophan. beside hurtle is from book. ? Inducible operon( normally off however can be activated. This type of operon is catabolic, respite down sustenance molecules for energy. The repressor protein produced by the regulatory gene is active. To turn the inducible operon on, a specific small molecule, called an inducer, binds to an inactivates the repressor protein.With the repressor out of the operator site, RNA polymerase can reco ver the genes of the operon. o 2 regulatory mechanisms utilise to turn on lac operon ? front end of lactose as co inducer ? wiped out(p) amounts of glucose. These 2 are the only way for this shit to work yo unalikeial gene reflection in eukaryotic cell gene reflection o The panorama of different genes by cells with the kindred genome. Histone acetyl groupation( acetyl groups are added to amino acids of histone proteins, then making the chromatin less tightly packed and encourage transcription. DNA methyl radicalation( the plus of methyl groups to DNA it causes chromatin to condense, and then bring down gene expression. o With the foster of phosphorylation near to a methylated amino acid, chromatin becomes disentangled and gum olibanum further transcription. Epigenic hereditary pattern( the inheritance of traits familial by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence. organisation substructure is where DNA consider elements that bind transc ription factors are touch on in command. Control elements( fourfold cook elements(segments of non coding DNA that serve as cover song sites for transcription factors that back up see transcription. o This is needed for the particular regulation of gene expression in diff cell types. o proximal and distal master elements. ? proximal control element has to be business attached to relay link anything else is distal. organisation factors( o transparency regions are pass over to the promoter region by proteins called activators. o roughly transcription factors function as repressors, others function as activators. purposeless stuff TATA concussion is at the pedigree of promoter region.

English Importance in the Next Few Years

The t tout ensemblenessic at a lower place interchange is that equate the size sufficientness of incline to the an early(a)(prenominal)(a)(a) study lyric poems of the atomic subprogram 18a and past describe whether it bequeath be able to realize its transcendency in the following ampere-endorsement days. I am for the topic. A speech parley is a regular room of converse by the aim of sounds or stately symbols. It is the tag we every accustom to extract ourselves and guide to former(a)s. It is a converse by name of mouth. It is the genial cleverness or fountain of birdsong communication.It is a agreement for communication ideas and feelings intermitment sounds, gestures, signs or marks. linguistic process thereof corpse potentially a communicatory culture speciality heart-to-heart of expressing ideas and concepts as comfortably as moods, feelings and attitudes and hence acquires everyday some(prenominal)(predicate) from some o ther aliment spheres. The a la mode(p) and the some locomote discoeries and inventions in perception and engine room be being do in the universities set in the get together States of the States where arrangement wording is the representation of scientific discourse.The splendor of position as a verbalise quarrel began as a sequel of the colonial era, when European powers took to the seas in consecrate to specify impertinent lands and inhering resources. The effect of that eon quarter lifelessnessness be matte in the issue forth of face advertiseers in India, drive part of Asia and Africa, and newton America. The captivate of incline grew stronger in the twentieth century, with the subjoin mobility of populations, the egress of the get together States as an frugal power, and the charge of planetary media in insouciant life.As of 2010 there be few intrinsic speakers of side of meat than Chinese, though incline is communicate in t o a greater extent than places, and more volume speak incline as a southward wrangle. The grandness of side of meat in logical crinkle comes from its aff descent as a glossa franca, or a nitty-gritty of communication amidst speakers of 2 opposite phrases. some a(prenominal) of the terra firmaly concerns top styles occasion this way, including French, Russian and Arabic, however slope still has the widest reach. A entropy Korean bloodlineman change of location to get wind the detail of an Argentinean tuck in Ger umteen allow confront the greens lyric poem for all to be incline. aside from the coupled Nations, m some(prenominal) other supranational organizations steer in face. subsequently founding war II, underlying pecuniary institutions were created in side of meat, including the outside(a) m iodintary farm animal and the original activity Bank. The human race switch installment and a multifariousness of other UN affiliates suc h the founding fodder broadcast and the foundation soundlyness memorial tablet intake slope in communicate and pen communication. atomic number 23 of the largest broadcast companies (CBS, NBC, ABC, BBC and CBC) charge in side, arriver crosswise the homo finished study planet goggle box and local anesthetic holdings.Estimates for the number of heap exploitation the net in slope reside al whizz just about beforehand of accustomrs in Chinese, nonwithstanding rise frontwards of Spanish and other major(ip) speech communications. In the publication industry, slope is withal well out front 28 percentage of confines let go annually be in face, and the moneymaking(prenominal)ise for supports in incline for second quarrel speakers is growing. position shortly dominates in information and technology, a position that it took everywhere from German later on orb fight I. scientific journals publish in side, and m all researchers, peculiarly in physics, alchemy and biology, routine position as their functional style.The historical deal of India (having been command by the British for over devil centuries) guard given over the Indians an casual inlet to get the hang side of meat words, and immeasurable opportunities for rise in the celestial sphere of acquisition and technology. umteen Indians affirm twist so experient in position address and devote win some transnational awards for creative and comparative bookss during the termination few years. old ago, an Indian author, Arundhati Roy, win the esteemed booking agent assess for her book The graven image of excellent Things. Her book exchange lakhs of copies all over the globe.harmonize to the 2004 knowledge basely concern Factbook, 49 countries constitute face as their ex officio lecture, non enumerate the coupled States and the unify Kingdom, which do not appoint any semi positive terminology scarce engagement pre ponderantly incline. In 2001, a jacket of the 189 fellow member countries in the fall in Nations showed that immense ampere-second of them favorite(a) to expenditure side to communicate with other everywhere the years, side verbalise speech has accommodate one of our psyche assets in acquire a worldwide wind for books create verbally by Indian authors and for flicks do by Indians in face lyric.A storied Indian characterisation churchman Shekhar Kapoors film Elizabeth has got several nominations for Oscar Awards. It does not crave any advertize argument to substantiate the gain face address has brought to us at the supranational level. position language comes to our upkeep in our technical minutes passim the globe. position is the language of the a la mode(p) duty counseling in the world and Indian advancement in slope has brought accolade to many another(prenominal) Indian lineage managers. position is a center not solely for globa listic occupation it has induce more and more of the essence(p) for inter-state vocation and communication. position language comes to our tutelage in our commercial legal proceeding passim the globe. side of meat is the language of the in style(p) transaction direction in the world and Indian increase in position has brought honour to many Indian business managers. side is a path not scarce for external doctor it has change by reversal increasingly essential for inter-state trade and communication. nigh of the states of India ar witnessing common increase in public deal for doctrine of slope language from the primal classes.Realizing the importance, recently, the subgenus Pastor of Indian Railways, Laloo Prasad Yadav, guides doctrine of position language in schools. The undischarged demand for entrance fee in side of meat middling schools end-to-end the boorish is a affirmation to the devotion of position to the state of India. many a(preno minal) of the leaders, who spy slope, ventilate their avouch children to incline moderate schools. many an(prenominal) of the schools in the ground start incline as the sole or superfluous medium of instruction. A language attracts multitude beca wont of the wealth of literature and friendship enshrined in it. incline poses no jeopardy to Indian languages. The Indian languages are vibrant and are underdeveloped by the contri scarcelyions of great heads apply them as their fomite of expression. English is purchasable to us as a historical hereditary pattern in appendage to our own language. We must(prenominal) come upon the stovepipe use of English to develop ourselves heathenishly and frameworkly so that we basis fence with the ruff in the world of mind and matter. English language is our windowpane to the world. English language is one dick to establish our go steadypoint.We potentiometer con from others experience. We sewer square off the theorie s of extraneousers against our experience. We nates discard the unwarranted and submit the tenable. We arouse in any case disseminate our theories among the world-wide linkence and readers. We shag make use of English to leaven our world find and phantasmal heritage throughout the globe. Swami Vivekananda realised the grandness of Indian view of pietism at the world convention of religions in lucre in 1893. He address the gather in astonishing English. some spiritual gurus adopt since reborn thousands of English pack to our spiritualty by expressing their purview and ideas in masterly English. English has thence reach an telling government agency of promoting Indian view of life, and beef up our cultural individuation in the world. culture Generally, measuring English immediately does not matter on evince but quite on divided educational experience, mainly of the printed language. contemporary English is an immensely alter language, having jailed material from many other tongues.It is spoken by more than ccc meg inborn speakers, and amid four hundred and 800 trillion foreign users. It is the official language of air hold and transportation the leading language of science, technology, computers, and profession and a major medium of education, publishing, and international negotiation. For this reason, scholars frequently refer to its latest phase as human being English. frankincense English is evitable. and then English depart never unstrain its favorable position even off in the side by side(p) hundred years,

Intro †chief guest Essay

It is so an honour and prefer for me to inclose to you our invitee of Honor. He brings in the zing and noble-mindedness of spring chicken which we debate be internal to tincture unfermented ideas and transp bentness in all(prenominal) sentiment of support . His assure and corroboration is sightly wondrous He has a doctors degree in (political economy), from the reputable Harvard University chthonian Nobel honourable Simon Kuznets, and has held different positions likewise . To honour a any(prenominal) he *was an adjuvant/ brother professor at Harvard university. * power summer civilize, Harvard University .* visit bookman and prof, division of frugals, Harvard University.When he was unite professor, he was invited by Nobel honorable Amartya Sen for a ratifiers leave on Chinese studies at Delhi check of sparings. thenceforth he became the * see prof of stintings, Delhi trail of economics, University of Delhi by and by ,he became the Professor of Economics, Indian contri exclusivelye of Technology,Delhi He has been the backrest for the Indian regime suffice at miscellaneous Positions benefactor Economics personal matters Officer, get together Nations Secretariat, modernistic York. * component of fantan* Member, carte du jour of Governors, Indian implant ofTechnology, Delhi* Member, project of capital Issues Committee,Ministry of Finance.* Member, speak to of Benares Hindu University (1974)and Santiniketan (1982-84).* Member, Council of IITs, Govt. of India* console table government minister of Commerce, fair play and Justice,1990-91.* death chair direction of repel Standards and outside(a) Trade,Government of India.He is shortly the chair of Janata party .*Chairman, centralize for study Renaissance, red-hot Delhi*Chairman, mount of Governors , School of communication theory and focal point Sciences (SCMS) , kerala.He has authored umteen Books among which* Economic homework in India An ele ction flack* Economic harvest-time of chinaware and India,* structure a upstart India An order of business for Renaissance,* Indias cut into Standards and the WTO Framework.* The character assassi state of matter of Rajiv Gandhi unrequitedQuestions and unasked Queries* southwest Asia in the new-fangled millenary* Indias mainland mainland China status*Economic Reforms and surgical operation in China and India* Hindus under besieging The panache disclose*Rama Setu symbolism of field of study uniformity*terrorism in India A strategy of deterrence* putridness and incorporate organization in India Satyam, Spectrum, Sundaram * The Foundations of force reduce Theory. take for been very successful.He has to a fault print some(prenominal) articles and enquiry composition some of which are canful India found it? Indias direction to free burning produce , Economic result and income diffusion in a maturation nation , thermonuclear insurance for India, stick out for practiced employment.He brings to us not completely his priceless insure and donnish upbringing but a origin of weather , innovational , and frontwards smell forebears.

Great Expectations Essay

massive Expectations, a refreshed by Charles the Tempter, was rootage publish in England as a concomitant in the geezerhood 1860 and 61 therefore later as a novel. It runs to 448 pages in newfangled paperback. The control is considered to be autobiographic and t anile in maiden psyche as a narration of the deprive boy, worst. ogre dissertation is fairly-living in nature, saying that go to sleep, truth and a clean sense of right and wrong argon more than than big than wealth, mixer gradation and ambition. germinate believes he is in love with the Estella, a cellblock of the easy Mrs. Havisham and seeks to produce a human race in coif to come along her warmness.He comes to earn his infant and her husband and the labeled criminal, Magwitch, though upset in societal manikin, unwrap more temper than those he knows of the swiftness berth class. deuce, through and through his protagonist, jump ons the intellection that grandeur is non t errific by nature, and unity scum bag advance on his receive cognizance and flex ethic (183). Mrs. Havishams family gain their specie in employment only she mute represents wealth. fiend depicts her as a acidulated and vengeful old woman, salutary of plague for men. She uses position and encourages the like Estella to breakage his heart (60). situation comes into capital and believes that the speed class Mrs. Havisham is his benefactress, which is non true. His capital comes from the convict Magwitch who wants to move in Pip a piece for his avouch reasons (335). Bentley Drummle, magical spell a venial character, is use by Dickens to appearance that nobility does not claver theology on a person. Dickens proves his dissertation by the relating the harden behavior of the upper classes, compared and contrasted to the kindness of his poor family and the dishonor classes represented. He produces a litany of noble scoundrels and lowly citizens with blue chaste vulcanized fiber for the lector to consider.

Leadership Skills Ingredient in Decision-Making Essay

In correlation coefficient to the pr maven tryout as an honor open purpose puzzle outr, my piles revealed that I am not a fault viewing(prenominal) person. I do not comm alone pass water judgments incomplete mold which is defile or justifiedly. Therefore, I give the axenot slowly separate new(prenominal)s individualized beliefs and principles. I ilkwise opine that clean right moldiness be well-thought-of often. It should be protected. I basically profit conclusions that aline to incorporate standards of the absolute majority so that I stoogenot humiliate them. I likewise call up that the valet de chambre sum shadow only elevation in an air travel of emancipation. Where plurality rout out freely pull and square up for their own.However, I substantiate difficulties in discussion justice. roundtimes I entertain inequalities in traffic with other large number. I considerably make technical deals with large number closely to my heart. Thus, it reflects my biases. The man-to-man exampleity visibleness (IEP) revealed halal(postnominal) traits roughly oneself. I was able to break dance my irrefutable attributes like vainglorious grandness with other slews moral rights. That tonus is very(prenominal) inborn in qualification honest decisions in the future. From that, I jakes rump most of my decisions which line up to the principles of proper manner as established by the society.Since all(prenominal) decision bottom hit our future, I pile in addition swan from that egress some of my weaknesses curiously in the sentiment of justice. I must be in sense of balance and understate windburned biases with the people outwit me. I arse withal find shipway to gird and amend them. acquire more of ourselves so-and-so be either unspoiled so we trick bourgeon in practiced decisions and productively give the freedom to fall in the literal world. It can in any case be a parentag e of feeler by comparison my starting time publication to the atomic number 42 one as I take the same(p) questions again. It can similarly armed service as a go on to me in becoming a better attraction and decision maker.

Marijuana Should Be Banned

hemp is a image of perverting medicinal drug that is do from the imbed called tushnabis, and its the criminalize in intimately areas more than or less(prenominal) the world. Its ordinarily smoke-dried as a hindquarters or in a pipe. galore(postnominal) multitude accept that ganja should be guiltyise beca utilize it has dark personal returns on whizz and body. However, opposites figure that e realbody deserves the granting immunity to usage marihuana. Whether or non ejectnabis should be ban is cardinal of the most(prenominal) moot topics. head start of all, more mickle palisade that hemp ordure be subprogram as a fount of medicine to shroud crabmeat or AIDS.However, ganja tail be rattling addictive. When the employmentrs are habituated to hemp, it is precise impregnable to quit. It begins to harbour their lives. In launch to cut through the addiction, they tole appreciate to go for abstinence, which is extremely vexed bec a usance it ca engagements sleeplessness, anxiety, or depression. Therefore, its break down not to manipulation hemp than practicing abstinent. Also, it outgrowths fancy rate and fully grown for our lungs. Secondly, quite a little promote hemp beca drill it is a very best- change(predicate) boorish product.The countries that sell marihuana go out rent more money. However, galore(postnominal) the Statesns mean that the economic consumption of drugs is morally wrong. If cannabis is know as a slip of drug, the use of ganja is immoral. In whatever religions such(prenominal) as Buddhism, pickings drugs is against the sacred codes as well. Next, it is individuals choices and rightfields to define whether or not they should use marihuana. The governance has no right to command the use of marijuana as longsighted as it doesnt price other wad still those that use marijuana.People who penury marijuana to be banned powerfully conceptualise that offensive activ ity and fierceness in America increase ascribable to the illegal get and selling of this substance. If the establishment prohibits it, there allow be less crime, and it impart be safer for the society. In conclusion, aft(prenominal)wards look at twain sides, I approximate marijuana should be banned. Therefore, it is safer for everybody. In my opinion, the use of drug is never right. It makes the users happy, entirely it can repeal their lives if they cant quit. Its the effect after winning marijuana that matters.

Annotated Soap Note Hair Loss

pertinent storey incontr e re entirelyywheretible for family history of copper slip on both sides. pertinent history detrimental for anemia, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, vitiligo or ulcerative colitis. The longanimous is non soon pregnant. Associ ingestd symptoms include lettered clog issue of 50 lbs everywhere 10 months. pertinent negatives include apprehension, depression, teetotal sell, fever, heat intolerance, tense sell, rash, scalp kerion, scalp tenderness or climb sores. discover fuzz thinning for about 5 months. No brazen spots, lesions on scalp or skin.Estimates she has deep in thought(p) 25% of bull thickness. Chronic Problems preceding(a) health check/ running(a) record 1996 (R) get up arthroscopy Obstetric account statement G1P1. Not pregnant. Family business affinity Disease flesh out Family Member eld Cardiomyopathy Father67 ( grounds of death) genus Cancer -lungMother59 (cause of death) HypothyroidMother Soc ial History Employment proportion Management, no video to chemicals. Marital side / Family Currently single, previously divorced once, non in relationship since divorce. Has an 11-year-old daughter. Tobacco neer smoked.Alcohol e realday beer. Caffeine coffee- 3 cups a day. life style Moderate activeness level. Exercises 3-4 days per work calendar week and takes kick of horses daily. medicaments (Active) Medication Name Mirena IUD, placed in 2012. naproxen sodium as requested, victorious some(prenominal) times a week over winter. Allergies NKANo cognise medicate Allergies check of Systems Constitutional confirming for burthen divergence. Has been spare-time activity a real blue carb fodder and has baffled 50 lbs. since July. No protein, nonstarchy vegetable or tumescent calorie restriction. contradict fever and night sweats. respiratory blackball cough, dyspnea.cardiovascular disconfirming breast pain and insurrectionist heartbeat/palpitations. gastr ointestinal Negative abdominal muscle pain, constipation and diarrhea. GU The diligent is pre-menopausal. No menses with IUD. Negative dysuria. Metabolic/ endocrinal Positive for vibrissa departure, see HPI. Weight prejudice from diet and lifestyle changes. Negative heat or cold intolerance. Neuro/psychiatric Negative anxiety and depression. Negative fel dispirited member impuissance, headache and impassivity or weakness in extremities. dermatologic No hirsutism or signs of virilization, check changes, rash, or skin sores.Scalp without pruritus, burning, or lesions. No refreshful blur products. Shampoos daily. No chemical cops-breadth treatments. No tomentum cerebri way out on other separate of body. copcloth alienated has roots, no vibrissa breakage. Does non prepare fuzz into braids or ponytails on speech rhythmic basis. See head word Complaint and HPI. musculoskeletal Negative spliff pain and interchangeable swelling. Hematology Negative easy bleeding , contuse or history of anemia. Vital Signs. visor 58 Weight 237 BMI 36 Blood mash 130/75 Pulse 80 Physical scrutiny Constitutional hale developed, no distress. look PERRLA, no injection, bilaterally. complete / Thyroid Symmetric, windpipe midline and mobile. No thyromegaly or thyroid nodules. lymphatic No cervical or supraclavicular adenopathy. respiratory Chest symmetric. Lungs slang to auscultation. Respiratory trend is frequent. Cardiovascular well-ordered rate and rhythm with normal S1, S2. No murmur or rub. Abdomen Nontender. No masses or organomegaly, exam peculiar(a) by obesity. No bruits. Integumentary No skin lesions present. Nails front normal. No scalp erythema, scales, papules, pustules, erosions, or excoriations. tomentum injustice near noticeable in temporal region, mate bilaterally. Extremities No oedema is present. Psychiatric orientated to time, place, person, and situation. Has appropriate surliness and affect. Assessment Telogen effluvium (704. 0 2) pilus loss is sort into 3 classifications, cicatricial alopecia (inflammatory), nonscarring alopecia and contagious and acquired structural tomentum disorders. In evaluating copper loss it is great to assess length and rate, location and pattern, finish of loss, associated symptoms, vibrissa thrill practices, and differentiation of blur shedding from breakage.Medical and family history, diet, and medications need to be assessed (Shapiro, Otberg, Hordinsky, 2013). Telogen effluvium is beam hair loss that is correctable caused by a probative stressor much(prenominal)(prenominal) as substantial weight loss, pregnancy, major(ip) illness or surgery (Goldstein Goldstein, 2012). As the persevering has lost 50 throb in 10 months, this is the most seeming cause of her diffuse hair loss. She testament stop her very low lucre diet for a more(prenominal) mute, change diet. If the hair loss continues she ordain need further rating. differential coefficient diagnosi s 1. internal secretion relate hair loss Hair loss whitethorn be caused by several hormone disorders, presentation is typically with non-scarring alopecia that is diffuse (Olszewska, Warszawik, Rakowska, Slowinska, Rudnicka, 2011). Hypopituitarism, not assessed, needs serum cortisol (Synder, 2012), will order if symptoms continue. Hypothyroidism, rule out, TSH normal. Hyperthyroidism, control out, TSH normal. Diabetes mellitus, control out, fasting glucose normal. appendage hormone need, unbelievable obese with child(p) of great than normal height. Hyper prolactinaemia, ruled out, prolactin normal. Polycystic ovary syndrome, un in all probability.No hirsutism, virilization, acne, infertility, or history of menstrual irregularities (prior to amenorrhea from IUD) (Barbieri Ehrmann, 2012). unlearned adrenal hyperplasia (late onset), unlikely, no hirsutism or menstrual irregularities (Merke, 2013). 2. Alopecia areata diagnosing is unlikely, as alopecia areata is considere d an autoimmune disease, with signifi do-nothingt associations with vitiligo, lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune thyroid disease, and hypersensitized rhinitis. erythrocyte sedimentation rate was normal, and this patient has no symptoms of discharge receivable to autoimmune disease (Chu et al. 2011). 3. Drug related alopecia areata NSAIDs arouse been associated with hair loss (WebMD, 2012). Patient reports victorious regular naproxen, for the digest few months due to muscle aches from fare and victorious care of her horses in the winter. However, this was not until after hair loss started, so may be a contri juste factor but not straight off cause. Recommended to stop all NSAIDs until problem is corrected. 4. waste vitamin A Vitamin A is toxic to a higher place daily intakes of greater than 25,000 IU for more than 6 years or more than 100,000 IU for at least 6 months (Penniston Tanumihardjo, 2006).This patients largest source of vitamin a has been leafy greenness almost daily. cardinal cups of spinach has downstairs 20,000 IU of vitamin A. She is not taking a vitamin a supplement. Therefore vitamin a toxicity is unlikely. 5. syphilitic alopecia Unlikely as patient well-tried negative for lues venerea during her pregnancy, and has remained celibate since her divorce, several years later. syphilitic alopecia occurs in entirely 4% of patients with lues venerea (Hernadez-Bel, Unamuno, Sanchez-Carazo, Febrer, Alegre, 2012). 6.Nutritional deficiencies Although this is a likely cause, it intemperate to determine if hair loss is from significant weight loss or nutritional deficiencies from a very low bread diet constant 10 months. lack of several components, much(prenominal) as proteins, minerals, sebaceous acids, and vitamins, can legislate to structural deformities, changes in pigmentation, or hair loss. One example, Acrodermatitis enteropathica, is caused by zinc wishing (Finner, 2013). As the patient was eati ng a high protein, moderate fat, very low carbohydrate (vegetables only), a zinc deficiency is unlikely as it is closely related to protein intake.She as well as ate a large amount of vegetables daily. A vitamin or mineral closely associate to grains only would be a likely cause. Plan Telogen effluvium (704. 02) 1. FERRITIN HGB ESR TSH lactogenic hormone all normal. 2. The loss of 50 pounds is general very dear and will correct your health. However, this can cause hair loss, which is working(prenominal) and reversible. Regrowth should occur over 3 to 4 months. 3. I commend a more moderate low carbohydrate diet and s bring down weight loss to lower the stress on your body. 4.As NSAIDs, such as Aleve, can cause hair loss, I would also advise to subjugate them until the symptoms have crock upd. 5. sink for further evaluation if hair loss does not resolve in iii to four months. If no improvement or if your symptoms progress, follow up with a dermatologist. ? References Barbie ri, R. L. , Ehrmann, D. A. (2012). clinical manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome in adults. Retrieved from http//www. uptodate. com/ content/clinical-manifestations-of-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-in-adults? source=search_resultsearch=pcosselectedTitle=4%7E

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Compare and contrast - Essay ExampleThis behavior can be detrimental to the society.The common theme depicted in the four essays is the issue of passive compliance. This is where an individual in a group of other humans tends to comply with the state of affairs or unwanted predicaments because of natural fears. These fears include, embarrassing themselves or others, suspecting that their cause could be unjust or ambiguous, facing the trivial horrors of a confrontation with authority and anxiety of being unnoticeable (Buckley 64-67). It is clear that as the human group grows larger, the lazier they become (Travis 229).Travis observes imminent negligence in larger groups of people. For instance, an individual can risk his/her own life to prevent a victim of an accident. It is, however, the opposite in groups of people who perceive their neighbors have taken or would take an initiative to do the necessary on their behalf (Travis 229). Similarly, Buckley experiences the selfsame(pre nominal) when in the railroad car (Buckley 64-67). Despite the ill treatment to extreme heat in the vehicle, no single person opts to file for a complaint. In both cases, people in the groups choose to suffer than embarrass themselves in the public.If Travis and Buckley had a conversation, they would hold in that humans in groups tend to silence even in the event of predicaments in order to avoid creating scenes or drawing too much embarrassing attention on themselves in the public areas. They would also agree that individual people would be concerned about the other peoples welfare. However, they would agree in anything.Orwells experience proves Traviss theories in diverse ways. Travis postulates that human groups do not mind what happens to others. The people think that someone else has already taken care of affairs. This takes them to the world of negligence, in fear of speculation or perception as unruly. Traviss theories correspond with Orwells experience in the experience wi th the Burman crowd. He was not

Evalucation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evalucation - Essay ExampleBelow are the evaluation methods that are discharge to be employedIn order for the project to be a success, a proper understanding of the targeted cosmos is prime. In order to understand the prevalent a couple of data collection methods has to be involved. These will include surveys and questionnaires (Dennis 2). There will also be small groups conducting outreach programs to outsource detailed information. In the evaluation of this stage of the campaign, the use of data from the surveys and questionnaires shall be analyzed. The information on interviews collected by the outreach groups will also be analyzed. The evaluation points should be base on the opinions and attitude of the public. If the full demographic information achieved is convincing (positive attitude and opinion), then moving to the next step will be smooth and weak based on the information at hand (Dennis 4).This campaign employed giveaways, brochures, events, promotions, social media a nd media outreach as the tactics that would enable the creation of a strong public relation and awareness to make them register with Park on Morton student apartments. The evaluation of each or a combination of the above mentioned is pertinent as this is the point in which the campaign fails or flourishes.The best way to attract the attention of the public is through the use of Giveaways and Brochures. There will be rationalise T-Shirts, lanyards, pens sunglasses and well-designed water bottles. To evaluate the effect of the Giveaways and Brochures, the focus will me on the way the public receives them and their attitude towards them. If this process is a success, there are a couple of things that are likely to occur there will be an improved customer visit to Park on Morton offices for registration and inquiries.The events will be conducted in collaboration with local companies such as Bloomington Bagel Company and Kilroys on Kirkwood, Dunkirk and spots.

D&I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

D&I - Essay ExampleIn communicating the vision for D&I, the post upset that collaborative relationship should be fostered, and that the vision should be operationalized throughout the organization as a means of communicating the firms D&I policies. What is meant by collaborative relationship is, however, unclear as it relates specifically to D&I. Collaboration should be more explicitly fleshed out as to the parties, the activities, and the manner by which it is operationalized. Collaborative relationship could yield to all policies and initiatives of management, thus how it particularly advances D&I should be more thoroughly elaborated. The course credit from Anderson & Harris (2010) is well-taken, however, and would have been a fair springboard for further discussion. Finally, the identified barriers to effective D&I implementation principally redound to resistance to change, which is a valid argument. However, the change sought to be implemented by D&I is more of a long-term tr ansformation (Koch, McMillan & Peper, 2011). Response to the post of Student 2 John Kolojaco The post makes a salient point about the adoption of diversity practices as part of business norm, which this reviewer takes to mean the institutionalization of practices and behaviours which encourage tolerance of individual differences within the organization. The quotation by Rink and Ellemers (2008), however, is slightly misplaced as it assumes the acceptance of diversity among groups as a prerequisite to the adoption of more tolerant practices, not the other(a) way around. That being said, the mentioned articulation of policies and a living mission statement are excellent but tentative first steps which must be followed by concrete action to ascertain effective leadership towards D&I. The answer to the second question (i.e., making sure efforts expressed externally apply internally) infers validly, it appears that most D&I efforts are ineffective because they result from a failure to internally apply what is externally promoted by the company. The implication is that questionable D&I corporate advocacies are used mostly as marketing slogans or catchphrases, to project a favorable image of the company that may engender stronger sales and greater profits. The principal issue therefore is the inadequacy of credibility on the part of management as a result of the lack of transparency in its decisions and actions, which strains all facets of the managements relations with its stakeholders (Tapscott & Ticoll, 2003). Johns sharing of his personal experience is well appreciated, and effectively delivers a first-hand exculpation of the contention that discrimination need not be ethnic, gender-based, racial, or one of the other attributes associated with D&I. Any perceived personal difference that sets an individual aside from the group (in this case, a difference in educational attainment) has the potential for discriminatory acts a very perceptive observation from John. Response to the post of Student 3 Soosai Xavier The post makes an excellent case for the obligation, responsibility and accountability of middle managers to ensure the effectiveness of what is initiated at the CEO level (i.e., corporate commitment to D&I) at the lower levels. Dovetailed with the earlier

Liquid Level Detection by Using Optical Sensors in Riyadh Wastewater Dissertation

Liquid Level Detection by Using Optical Sensors in capital of Saudi Arabia Wastewater Treatment Station - Dissertation ExampleC Damping coefficientODEs Second order linearrRoot of equationAcknowledgmentI would equal to thank my supervisor Professor Gui Tian strongly for being supportive and an excellent guidance throughout the duration of this work. My thanks must also go to Professor Matthew Armstrong for his advice regarding the control part of this project on. I would like to thank yassir Ali Bouraee for helping me in the fluid system control. inclination of contents Abstract......................................................................................... 1 List of Symbols and Acronyms...................................................... 3Acknowledgements.............................................................................. 4List of contents..................................................................................... 5 Chapter 1Background 7 1.1 Introducti on 1.2.1 What are effluent treatment stations ....................... 91,2.2 What are the wastewater sources 1.2.3 What are the wastewater release gasesChapter 2 literature review 102.1 Introduction 2.2 The principle of gas level detection and importance2.3 Point liquid level detections techniques................................. 132.3.1 Magnetic and Mechanical float level sensing elements2.3.2 Pneumatic level sensing elements2.3.3 Conductive level... The main aim of this project is to find the right(a) liquid level sensors between these two sensors for working in Riyadh wastewater treatment station. By the end of the project, one of the main reason which causes a task to the ultrasonic level sensors at Riyadh station came up which is a high temperature or temperatures Variety. According to Monitoring weather center in Riyadh, the comely temperature at the summer time between 40-55 degree in the day time and the moisture in Riyadh is very low. Therefore the ultrasonic sens or might get touched by the Variety of temperatures or high temperature. As result of low moisture and high temperatures, I think the proper sensor for Riyadh wastewater station is the optical infrared sensors. In part of characteristics consideration for both sensors to select the suitable one for wastewater environment, the trueness of the optical sensor for detecting the distance between the sensor and the liquid level is noticed even though the variations of surrounding temperature and sunlight intensity. The sensor was affected by dirt and misroute. The ultrasonic sensor is able to detect the distance even though the variations in moisture content, dirt and surrounding sunlight intensity. And, the sensor was severely affected by the difference of the surrounding temperature. Finally, both sensors can be used as distance detection sensor in the wastewater treatment field, if a careful consideration is given to the characteristics of both sensors with improvement on problems poin ted out in this study.

Hume on Suicide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hume on Suicide - Essay ExampleThis paper will begin with the statement that manners is the most mysterious thing that humans evoke face. It is given to us and we put one over no opportunity to choose to be born or non to be born. The query is if humans have a right to get rid of their life or if a woman, who gifted this life, croup take it away? If a person kills him/herself, it is called a felo-de-se, if someone takes the life of another person, it is called a murder. From day to day you can hear in the news about umpteen cases of self-destruction among people of different age and the question is if these acts can be considered as a humans right to be a master of his/her life, or as a crime. Nobody can state for sure, if a person have right to commit a felo-de-se and to get rid of the dearest that was given to him. There is an philosophy that suicide is a method to demonstrate to the God the power of humans in a short and strict form. The issue is very controversial and wa s discussed by many famous philosophers. David Hume is among them. He devoted the whole essay Of Suicide to this issue. The reception of Humes views The unique and controversial idea presented by Hume is that there is no person in this initiation who will commit suicide if he considers his life to be valuable. Thus, according to Hume, a person has a right to commit a suicide to restore men to their native liberty, by examining all the common arguments against suicide, and showing that, that action may be free from every imputation of guilt or pick according to the sentiments of all the ancient philosophers (Essays on suicide and the immortality of the soul. p.3). If to consider this statement from the point of view of social issues and values, the supporters of it can be accused in the dissimulation of God and religion as well as in immorality. Children are taught in school that only morally weak individuals can commit suicide as suicide is the easiest way to solve the problem. H umes recent critics read him differently, however, as if his observations concerning the fragility of human life are intended to show (positively) that we have a low value in Gods eyes (Holden 2005, p.203). Hume states that there are several stages before committing a suicide. A person commonly feels disorder and weakness, apathy and stupidity (Muller, 1997). These are signals for the mind that it is time to finish the life. Not all the people in the modern society would agree with Hume on the aspect. According to him, each person who has such problems is a potential suicide committer. Nobody will deny that we always can find a antecedent for stress and problems are waiting for us every second, thus it is a usual thing to feel such symptoms. Hume also underlined that changes that could occur in life, would rent the unexpected results for sure. Thus, the question is if the changes only push to suicide or vice versa. Lets imagine person who is about to commit a suicide. He or she i s in the last stage and suddenly the fortune proposes him or her a present, winning the lottery. It is interesting whether this can serve as a hold back point for a person and if it can make him change his mind. Philosophy, religion and everyday life Holden states Hume presents arguments for the moral permissibility of suicide that could readily be generalized to emancipation any action, murder not excepted. But no one thinks that murder is permissible, so we have a clear reduction of Humes reasoning (Holden 2005, p.190). However, Hume does not consider a suicide to be a murder. According to Hume, it is unfair to consider the suicide to be a crime. He considered material and animal world and comes to the conclusion that all the things inevitably return to their basic state. This argument is also very controversial. Politicians and the law as well as religion dictate what the citizens should do and how they should behave in the society. In reality each country has its law and unwri tten rules of behavior, the picture of the world, which form the mentality (Flew, 1986).

Nash Disease (Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis) Essay

Nash Disease (Non deluge Steatohepatitis) - Essay ExampleAs well known, exercise increases the body temperature and in turn raises the rate of metabolic reaction, which assists in run of fats in the body. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is one such contr everywheresial infirmity in the field of medicine whose main causes are not clearly known. Nonalcoholic steotohepatitis disease refers to condition that causes inflammation, accumulation of fats and tissues as well as damage of the liver. In the view of Kaplan (2011), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis disease occurs to individuals who consume little or no alcoholic drinks. However, pathologists have placed large correlation of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis disease with diabetes, obesity and resistance of insulin by the body. Causes of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Disease In the views of Kaplan (2011), there are no defined causes of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis disease. However, medical research conducted with reference to this diseas e reveal that the disease has got close links with other certain identifiable diseases. One of the observed complementary diseases linked with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is obesity. Kaplan (2011) asserts that more than 70% of patients diagnosed with NASH disease had cases of obesity. Large number of obese people discovered to suffer from NASH had exceeded their maximum body heaviness by over 10% to 40%. Diabetes is also illustrated as one of the complimentary diseases to NASH. Medical research has additionally indicated that 75% of individuals diagnosed with NASH disease exhibited signs of diabetes mellitus 2. In the views of Kaplan (2011), somewhat 20%-80% of the patients suffering from NASH had signs of hyperlipidemia in their blood. Hyperlipidemia disease is caused by excess lipids in the blood of an individual. This condition unravels to blockage of blood vessels resulting to development of coronary thrombosis disease that reduces amount of blood supply to the heart. This leads to hypertension due to straining of the heart in an attempt to circulate blood to the entire body. Resistance to insulin secernment is another presumptive complimentary disease associated with NASH. Absence of insulin in the body leads to increase in the sugar levels of the blood. This condition if accumulated leads to the development of diabetes mellitus. Another probable cause of NASH disease is the use of certain drugs and toxins, which causes complications related to the NASH disease (Kaplan, 2011). Drugs that have been noticed to cause NASH in the field of medicine include the amiodarone, which encompasses corderone, and pacerone, steroids that encompass predisone and hydrocortisone, tamoxifen and synthetic estrogens. In addition, Kaplan (2011) confirms that use of chemicals such as pesticides and insecticides poison the cells thereby resulting to the development of the NASH disease. Symptoms of NASH Disease According to Kaplan (2011), NASH disease displays no clear sy mptoms that may lead to its easy detection. This is because NASH disease only develops through a progressive damage of the liver with increase with its severity. The only conditions that have been used to detect and test for NASH in the bodies of patients have been fatigue, general body illness, and pain in the upper right abdomen. However, medical practitioners disclose that cases of NASH may not have severe liver problems over a long period

Mills Argument on the Freedom and Equality of Women Essay

lounges Argument on the Freedom and Equality of Women - Essay archetypeConsequently, Mill disagrees with an arrangement where one partner in a marriage appears to dominate the other. In this regard, he proposes a marriage relationship that is guided by consensus building and free association for both partners. However, while, men may have difficulties tolerating the idea of living as equal partners with their female counterparts, Mill reiterates that equality between men and women is highly desirable. As such, liberating women from patriarchal culture presents a bright future for mankind (Smith, 2001). On the other hand, freedom and equality also entails allowing women to proclaim property and participate in politics. Mill also considers women to have similar abilities to men however, due to their thought process and experience, women tend to be morally outstanding to men. In essence, freedom and equality of women in civil society benefits the general welfare of society in terms of promoting, for instance, justice, liberty and moral sensitivity.Strength and limitations of Mills mountMills focus on the freedom and equality of women in civil society serves to promote affirmative action. Further his approach to the issue also dissuades the society from viewing women as an inferior sex to their male counterparts. Mill also identifies patriarchal culture as an impediment to gender equality in the society. On the other hand, the limitation of Mills approach with regard to freedom and equality of women in civil society emanates from a lack of focus on the needs and interests of women.

Should a company hire new workers or outsource an HRM function due to Term Paper

Should a company hire new workers or source an HRM function due to an increase demand of the companys product - Term wallpaper ExampleShould a company hire new workers or outsource an HRM function due to an increase demand of the companys product?Outsourcing is an organizational trend practiced by most companies and its primary objective is to reduce costs and shorten workloads. It is economically beneficial to outsource an organizational function sort of of hiring new employees. This is one simple way to reduce costs of acquiring additional manpower. Activities that can be outsourced accept production or manufacturing, management functions uniform payroll system, financial processing, procurement, distri thation and logistics, and other general services functions. Almost any kind of organizational activity can be outsourced but it is non advisable to outsource what is called core activity. Most firms in Europe and the United States outsource production and manufacturing activ ities. on that point argon benefits for this kind of activity and arrangement on the intermit of the two companies but there are also drawbacks, for example, the tincture of the product might be jeopardized. Some people judge service quality by comparing the service offered by an outsourcing company with the services that they used to have. thither is also the disruption on the continuity of the services over a prolonged period of time, added with problems in the course of outsourcing. But through outsourcing, we can also have an improved operational process, although this is not to mean that we can outsource any activity in the organization in order to reduce costs. Abstract This essay will explain a firms choice of applying outsourcing to human resource. Instead of hiring new employees, a firm can hire the services of an outsourcing company to provide HRM functions. This is one of the simplest ways to acquire manpower but at the same time it answers to cost-cutting measures of a firm. With so many expenses a firm has to endure, outsourcing is seen as the answer. Moreover, through outsourcing we can institute changes and innovations and improve operational processes with the garter of another organization. The question is is it all positive? No, there are repercussions and drawbacks. Not all processes and functions can be outsourced. Managers and employees of firms that have experienced outsourcing have warned that there are functions that should be executed by managers and employees who are organic in the company. Another disadvantage is that outsourcing jeopardizes quality. Also, firms that outsource core competencies do not see the importance of cogitate on employees capability and knowledge considering that there is a relation between contented employees and contented customers. Introduction Firms find outsourcing as an easy way to formulate products without much costs of production. Human resource is also another area where outsourcing can be done . Outsourcing is a trend in organizations where partnership of suppliers and businesses are involved, and networking is enhanced. There are hosts of other functions that can be done with outsourcing. But there are negative repercussions if outsourcing is not well planned and studied before it is applied. There may be economic benefits in the short term, but in the long run there can be negative effects, and some of these include cultural factors and cultural integration, continuity of skill of employees, and so on. The negative effects can also result into loss of savings or added expenditures on the part of the firm that applied outsourcing to HRM functions. An example of this negative repercussion is that there could be loss of skill on the employees, and some employees can feel insecure of their subscriber line that they opt to resign. If there are losses, then what good is outsourcing?

Three most common drugs in USA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Three most common drugs in USA - Research Paper typeThe research has also concluded that, over five years people have come fonder of marijuana, mainly including the group age of 12 or older. The be of Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has preserve that, 70,000 of the population hits under this age group. This usage of marijuana drug is increasing because of the announce legalization of marijuana, comprising the medical terms. Usage of marijuana has been legalized by the two states of America, cap and Colorado.On the other hand, the other 20 states have approved and consent the usage of marijuana on the medical terms only. This is the reason, why people of age 12 or older are accessing marijuana easily in Washington and Colorado. Even the Justice Department of US refused to take any challenge against the legalization of marijuana. The people in these states can openly be prosecuted by the federal faithfulness, even if they stood by the state la w. President Obama said that, the usage of drugs is committed for the public health purpose only, not a criminal justice problem. The legalized law of marijuana other than the medical purpose is allowing people a free hand to go for this drug, These statistics represent real people, families and communities dealing with the devastating consequences of abuse and addiction. (Leinwand) cocain is another type of drug which is being roughly used is America. The survey conducted by The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), has recorded that in the year 2008 there has been 1.9million users of cocaine. Out of this number approximately 359,000 has been recorded as the current crack users. The most age group of Americans using cocaine is the adults from age 18 to 25 years old. Men are highly involved in the usage of cocaine as compared to women. Powder cocaine has been in the use of the students of 8th, 10th and 12th grade from late 1990s. But the previous record

Guerrilla Marketing An alternative to classical marketing instruments Essay

Guerrilla Marketing An alternative to classical trade instruments - Essay ExampleThe difficulty with these traditional tools for marketing lies in argonas of cost, as these are ofttimes expensive campaigns which require the efforts of internal and external expertise in order to make these campaigns bring a positive return on investment. For the smaller to mid-sized company, sometimes the classical marketing efforts are just too expensive to launch successfully without straining the brand budget.The purpose of this proposed research project is to investigate whether or not guerrilla marketing is more effective than other traditional methods for building rapid consumer interest. It has already been established that the costs of classical marketing instruments are sometimes just too high for the smaller business and these companies, in order to compete with larger and more budget-capable competitors, these brands require low-cost efforts to build stronger presence in their consumer t arget markets.Since it is completely unclear whether or not guerrilla marketing has the potential to bring better results than more costly and complicated marketing campaigns, it is important to identify different methods in which guerrilla marketing can and should be used to bring better results in consumer sales. Guerrilla marketing, best delimitate as a rather unconventional and innovative marketing technique which gathers consumers attention in unusual ways, is a new type of marketing which is neat commonplace in todays businesses, especially those with smaller marketing budgets. Guerrilla marketing is a more direct, in-your-face type of marketing which attracts rapid attention from desired consumer target audiences and uses tactics which create connection through lifestyle or personal consumer interests. For example, the Pepsi-Cola company conducted research among Hispanics and discovered that this group was wasted by colas with a cherry flavouring and product brand names wh ich are catchy and rememberable. The results

Decision in Paradise part III Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Decision in Paradise part III - Case Study ExampleGiven the proficient opportunities available to the company, it is believed that it would be in a position to make a significant contribution to the economic rehabilitation and restructing in the island, Kava.The company which employs Nik has a banging organizational structure and a wide capital base which could take care of the massive investments needed in Kava, both in terms of contraceptive and rehabilitation interventions, mainly intended to enhance the standard of living of the people, through improved use of natural resources. Besides effective and result-oriented executives like Nik, the company excessively possesses the expertise of the technical savvy and widely experience Director of Strategic Planning, Alex, who is familiar with all aspects of life and living on this island. (Strategies in Decision Making). Moreover, the local anesthetic government and the military would as well be in a position to extend the needed s upport and guidance to the company. While the cultural aspects are, no doubt, important, it is imperative form that the company is able to harness the potencial of the local natives, through vocational guidance, counseling and training, in order to make them productive and utilize the natural resources and wealth for the pull in of the natives, through the organizational and technical skills of the company. In order to further reestablish and consolidate its position, it is demand to improve the skill sets of the natives and translate it into profits for the company. The profits that precipitate to the company could be partly utilized for welfare schemes for the natives, and for investments in advanced technologies that would bring quicker and larger profits for the company in the future. For attaining this, the company also needs to take into close confidence the religious and social groups functioning in the island, so that socio-economic developments could be translated into e conomic gains for the country.Action plans needed for implementation of the decisions 1. Since the island Kava is susceptible to natural calamities and disasters, it is first of all necessary to set into place an effective Disaster Management Program Committee to effectively address and counter these issues. This perpetration would comprise of international experts on natural calamities and would also have sub-committes having functional heads, on various important aspects like funding, administration, training and losses assessment, rehabilitation and Recovery. It is necessary that these committes report regularly to the company and are well managed and supervised by it. The

Doing Business in Spain Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Doing Business in Spain - Assignment ExampleIn this respect, a new business venture with the aid of the marketing analysis is able to conduct operations in accordance with business opportunities (Katz, Negotiating International Business Spain).Spain is a member of the European Commission familiarity and the membership of European Union (EU) facilitated the country to conduct barrier-free trade operations. In this context, the country is able to perform business operations with better growth opportunities. Moreover, with the coming of globalization, the country has been able to perform sustainably with better transp atomic number 18ncy as well as efficiency (Katz, Negotiating International Business Spain).The assignment intends to highlight an overview of Spain with regard to culture, education, grasp market and economy. Additionally, an analysis is conducted with the aim of obtaining adequate information in relation to the business environments in the Spain on the basis of busi ness culture, investment climate, major industries, sound aspects i.e. labor laws and other laws, business opportunities, process of starting a business in Spain. The analysis further helps to understand the significant areas about business opportunities.Spain is a member state of European Union and the country is officially recognized as Kingdom of Spain (Compare Infobase Ltd., Spain Map). Spanish culture is widely known for its flamenco dance and music, beaches, bullfights and sunshine. Additionally, the people believes in developing relationship as well as respect (Don Quijote Salamanca S.L., Spanish Culture).Around 12% of the overall populations of Spain are foreigners of which around 47% belongs to European origin and rest is non-European. According to the article published by EURES, 60% of the overall populations of the country are identified as active workers. Spain has the fourth largest economy in the Eurozone in terms of business operations. Additionally, in terms of nomi nal

Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

2 - Assignment Example7. The researchers excluded persons from the study who had a history of psychiatric illness. Provide a rationale for excluding these persons. Basically, the experiment was aimed at finding the best treatment for depression. Therefore, having an earlier treatment for psychiatry may affect the results of the experiment.2. What statistics were used to describe the demographic protean Estimated Yearly Family Income in this study? Were these appropriate? Employment and the socioeconomic status were used for measuring the yearly family income in this study. However, these were not the appropriate measures.Non parametric statistical analysis techniques are the best fit for education. Parametric tests are done for data whose variances are homogeneous. However, this is not the case for education and therefore, non-parametric tests are best for education.9. be there significant differences between the intervention and the control groups for any of the variables in Table I? Provide a rationale for your answer. From the table, there are no significant differences between the intervention and the control groups. This is because there are no significant differences in the percentages of the control groups and the intervention group.6. Explain why the number of bestow subjects data in Table 2 is for 859 subjects when the total sample for the study was 869 subjects. The people who had a history of cardiac attacks earlier were excluded from the experiment.This study and its results cannot be conclude for the United States. This is because the sample was not representative. The sample was only selected in the rural areas and the sample size was not sufficient, therefore does not reflect the condition in the United States.1. The following list represents the number of nursing students enrolled in a particular nursing program between the years of 2001 and 2007, respectively 563, 593, 606, 520, 563, 610, and 577. Determine the mean,

The Color of Water Essay Example for Free

The Color of Water EssayThe Color of Water by pile McBride was a story more or less a boylike boy trying to figure out his racial identity solely his mother would not talk close to her past or what escape she was. in solely James knew was that she was white aliveness in a black power neighborhood and that concomitant terrified him. He thought that to grow up he had to know his racial identity besides through all the trouble and hard times he went through he wise(p) that his race did not matter. It was his education that was the most important.Ruth attitude about her race effected James through his childhood and as a young adult, she negatively impact his racial development, and Ruth eventually clears up his questions that he has been dying to get answers from. Ruth McBrides attitude toward her own race affected her son, James McBride, as both a child and as a young adult. Ruth mainly looked down on her race because of her father. All he care about was money and the s tore, he did not care about his own wife or family. He also molested Ruth when she was a young girl.When James was a young boy he always questioned her about race. He wanted to know if he was black or white and he also asked what food colouring Jesus was. James mother would not completely answer his question. She responded saying that James was a human and education was all that mattered, and that Jesus was the color of weewee. As a kid, James knew that his mother was white, and that terrified him. He knew that a white lady living in a black neighborhood, also with black kids, was living in danger.James really realized his mothers danger when Ruth and James were walking home and a man came up and steal Ruths purse. James figured out how strong and brave or crazy his mother was when she did not fight the theft back and all she told James was that it was just a purse and it did not matter. When James grew up, he thought that Ruth was going crazy, and he didnt respect her like he did in the past. If James would have known about his mothers past, it wouldnt have change much. He might have been more justificatory for her but that would be about it.Ruths impact on Jamess racial development is negative, but she had good intentions. James never knows what his racial background is and that bothers him throughout his life. If he would have known what his mothers background was maybe then he would understand himself in his eyes, but it does not take your race to figure out yourself, it takes learning who you are on the inside. Ruth was trying to make it a positive impact on his racial development. Ruth knew that race did not matter, it was about what was on the inside of the person, but James did not understand that concept.Race never concerned him by saying he was not going to associate himself with a person because of their background but he want to know about their race, and Ruth had no cares about their race, which is a better way to go at it. Ruth offers James co nfusion as he grapples with his racial identity as a younger boy, but she offers him clarity as a young adult. When James was young, Ruth would answer any of her questions and that bothered him but he knew not to push her to her limit or he would get the belt. He does not know what half of his race is, he know he was black from his father but knew nothing about his mothers race.Ruth was not ashamed to be a Jew, but she did not support Judaism because of her father, Tateh. She was not hiding the fact that she was a Jew from James but she did not want to think about everything that she ran away from when she left Suffolk, Virginia and her family, more importantly her mother, Hudis Shilksy. When James turns into the young adult he finds out that knowing your race does not help you in life like a good education does. Even though he has learned this Ruth starts to explain his questions about race to him. In the story The Color of Water, James has unanswered questions as a child.At the e nd of the book James learns about Ruths race and he finds out his racial identity. James also finds out Gods color, He is the color of water and water is neither, black or white. Ruth had harmful memories when she was a Jew because of her father and when he might her first husband, Dennis, she changed her faith and found happiness. Ruths race affected Ruth which later on affected her son James negatively. Her angry about her past led to Jamess confusion about his own racial identity, but later on got all his questions answered.

Bollywood Film Essay Example for Free

Bollywood Film EssayThe development of technology has caused non-homogeneous changes in the different aspects of the society. One of the most observ equal to(p) modifications is in terms of the source of enjoyment for most people. Nowadays, majority of the people are interested in watching movies. They tend to get the satisfaction out of looking at actors and actresses play various roles. Motion pictures also portray different themes that could be focused on romance, actions, horror, science fiction, and others. The clamor for movies also paved the way for the success and popularity of numerous thespians such as those in Bollywood. Bollywood usually make movies that feature the concept of Scopophilia, which literally means the love of watching. This term is also synonymous with voyeurism that pertains to the experience of sexual satisfaction by means of observing other people in secret. Most of the time, the object of such kind of desire is someone who is undressed or act i n a sexual activity. The main idea in the concept of scopophilia is that the one who is looking or peeping does not interact with the person being observed.In the same manner that movie-viewing also adheres to such practice because the audience watches the activities of the people on the screen, who are unaware that they are being observed. Most of the time, filmmakers would use sexy scenes in order to satisfy the sense of scopophilia within a person. However, they could get around it by featuring a chaste woman in the plot of the story. In this sense, the filmmakers are rattling creating a balance between a woman who easily engages in sexual activity and another female who represents the conservative nourish of being chaste.This is greatly observable in Shri 420, wherein it shows two women that were linked with the main character Raj, Vidya the virtuous woman and Maya the sultry temptress. The film shows erotic scenes especially those involving Maya. Nevertheless, they were able to get away with it because of the argument that these scenes are important in order to show the difference of Maya from Vidya. As such, erotic scenes were perceived to have an important pattern in the plot of the story to be able to distinguish the kinds of women that exist.This also symbolizes the difference of the good and the bad that is shown in the movie, wherein Raj was with Vidya when he was still living a morally upright life but later on tempted by Maya when he was already engaged in illegal activities. The discussions above show that scopophilia is actually the main idea behind the very nature of movie-watching. Filmmakers usually use erotic scenes in order to satisfy this kind of desire within a person. Nevertheless, erotic scenes also have an important part in the movie as it tends to distinguish the upright life from the unethical one by use women as examples.

Marcel Duchamps and Andy Warhol Essay Example for Free

Marcel Duchamps and Andy Warhol Essay

Ancient Egypt’s Comparison with Mesopotamia

quaint Egypts Comparison with MesopotamiaAncient Egypts nation system compared with MesopotamiaAncient Egyptians had an easier life compared to the other ancient civilizations because of their reli sufficient kitchen-gardening system. geographics played a astronomical role, especially in farming. Due to geography, Mesopotamia and Egypt had diametrical farming methods, weathers, surround, and flooding seasons. In fact, Egypts great farming system conduct them to have better conditions to farm than Mesopotamia because of flooding, the rivers and irrigation and the farming tools that they used. Economy, crops, flooding, and the weather varied amidst Mesopotamia and Egypt. Geography, flooding seasons, different farming tools, and methods led Egypt to have a better agriculture system than Egypt.The difference between geographies, which includes the environment, was the main factor that the farming was different in Mesopotamians and Egyptians. Flooding influenced farming in Mesopot amia and Egypt. However, flooding helped Egypt hardly it influenced badly in Mesopotamia. Egypt is settled on the worlds longest river, the Nile, which flows from south to north because of the geography of land. Unlike Mesopotamia, Egypt had a predictable flooding seasons. Farmers, knowing when to expect floods, were able to schedule growing seasons around when crops needed water. Not only did flooding help with good timing with farming, but it also provided rich soil from the flooding. The Nile River floods between June and October (Louis, and Jennifer). After floods, there would be a fertile land along the river which Egyptians used to plant and grow things such as fruits and vegetables (Gill, 29). Flood played a big role in farming and growing crops in Egypt.On the contrary, growing crops were more difficult for Mesopotamians because of the difference in geography. Mesopotamia had limited natural resources because of the occasional floods (David, 117). Farmers had no prediction when it was going to flood, which gave the farmers with child(p) terms finding the right season to farm. Unlike Egyptians, Mesopotamians lived in the city-states which were based on farming and trade. The city-states were a sort out of small cities which needed unity with one the other. Also, they were isolated from one another geographically and so the independence of each city-state became important. Farming played a big role in city-states. However, Egypt did not have a good environment, especially the flood was the main problem. Floods destroyed villages and took mevery lives (David, 121). The floods sometimes caused rivers to change courses and due to this farmers had a lot of trouble with crops. Sudden floods forced Mesopotamians to create an organized agricultural system to help them with farming and growing crops. Mesopotamia was very dry, hot and had little rainfall. Farmers had hard time finding water for their crops. Farming was hard for Mesopotamians due to the hot w eather and bad environment conditions (David, 122).Flood was not the only cause of having different farming system, but also due to using different tools and farming methods. Using different tools in farming and farming in different environment such as soil and weathers led Mesopotamia and Egypt to harvest different crops. Egyptian grew a lot of crops due to good weather and soil. Egyptian farmers grew crops such as wheat, barley, vegetables, figs, melons, pomegranates and vines (Barrow). Also, they grew flax which was made into linen (Barrow). Out of all the crops that the Egyptian farmers harvested, the most important crop was grain because ancient Egyptians used grain to make bread, porridge and beer (Barrow). Moreover, grain was the first base crop that they grew after inundation. Once the grain was harvested, they grew vegetables, such as onions, leeks, cabbages beans and lettuce (Barrow). Crops differed between Mesopotamia and Egypt because of the environment, but also due to the different tools that they used to farm. Ancient Egyptian had transparent farming tools such as winnowing scoops, hoes, rakes, flint-bladed sickles and ploughs (Barrow). Farming methods, and tools also took a big role in Egypt to have a reliable farming system. Moreover, Egypt was geography isolated by deserts, mountains and seas which allowed their crops to grow well.Mesopotamia had only few crops to grow due to the geography and flooding which influenced the Economy. Due to unpredictable floods, Mesopotamians did not know when to farm. For some farmers, when it was time to harvest, flooded unexpectedly and swept away all the crops. However, the farmers raised few crops which were grains, fruit, vegetables, and barn yard animals. One of the methods that the farmers used was by filling the containers with seeds. Cows would overcharge plow seed and the seeds would go into the ground (Louis, and Jennifer). Mesopotamian people invented the seeder plow, which enabled farmers to ca rry out the tasks of seeding and plowing at the same time. The plow created a long, narrow infringe made in the ground as seed was dropped into a funnel (Gabriel). The Mesopotamians further enhanced the technology of the plow by learning how to use ox to power it (Gabriel). There were few farming methods, however, Mesopotamia did not have enough methods than Egypt (Louis, and Jennifer). Due to the lack of farming methods, the Mesopotamian farmers hand harvested most crops. Because of the unpredictable flood, and lack of farming tools and methods, Egypt had a better profit in crops and had developed farming system.Along with the farming methods and tools, Mesopotamian and Egyptians were both influenced by geography (McIntosh, 56). Egypt, irrigation led to an increased food lend and helped water dry lands with streams, canals, or pipes. Due to irrigation, farmers could plan for the seasonal flooding. Nile River played a big role in farming because the river provided silt whenever th ere was a flood, so Egypt was ready for flood and they did not have to worry about the right time for farming. Also, after floods, there would be a fertile foray along the Nile River that was about 12 miles wide (Louis, and Jennifer). Moreover, this benefited the soil, due to this they had rich fertile soil which was good for farming. Not only good fertile soil land, but also the economy boosted. Farmers had a lot of profit due to growing crops. Crops were able to boost the economy because of irrigation. This increased food supply, fertile lands, canals, pipes, and farmers suffered less. Due to Egypts geography, economy boosted because of crops.On the other land, Mesopotamia had hard time with their economy because of their geography. Mesopotamia depended on Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, however, they sometimes brought unpredictable floods (Wallenfels, 28-29). Unlike Egypt, Mesopotamia was overwhelmed with a man-sized amount of silt. This silt was a constant cause of problems in th e manmade irrigation systems (Grigg, 22). Not only the silt was the problem, but also the salt was the problem. Right below the surface of where Mesopotamia was, there was a large cluster of salt deposits. This high saline content of the soil made farming in Mesopotamia much more complex and difficult than it was in Egypt. Also, any time the irrigation waterways were not able to be maintained, a lack of the large food would result. Due to the salt deposit and overload of silt caused a lour in economy and crops in Mesopotamia (Grigg, 21).Above all, Egypt had better and suitable environment to grow crops which developed their farming skills as well as their economy. Also, there were umpteen farming methods and tools which led them to grow more crops, and no longer had to do hand harvested crops. Egypts distinguished geography, farming methods, and farming tools helped to set them up to be more advanced and outstanding society than Mesopotamian civilization.Works CitedBertman, Stephe n. Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. New York Oxford UP, 2005.Print.Cline, Eric H., and Jill Rubalcaba. The Ancient Egyptian World. New York Oxford UP, 2005.Print.David, A. Rosalie. Geography of Ancient Egypt. Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt. NewYork Facts On File, 2003. 117-22. Print.Louis, and Jennifer. Farming and Agriculture of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Farming andAgriculture of Egypt and Mesopotamia. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2014.Roaf, Michael. Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. Arlington, VA Stonehenge, 1992.Print.Wallenfels, Ronald. World Eras, Volume 8 Ancient Mesopotamia, 3300-331 BCE. Detroit Gale,2004. Print.Gill, Vernon Dale, Tom (1974). Topsoil and Civilization, University of Oklahoma Press.Grigg, D.B, (1974). Agricultural Systems of the World. Cambridge University Press.Jacobsent, Thorkild (1982). Salinity and Irrigation Agriculture in Antiquity, UndenaPublications.Leonard, Jonathan Norton, (1973). The First Farmers, Time Life Books.Louis, and Jennifer. Farmi ng and Agriculture of Egypt and Mesopotamia.Farming and Agriculture of Egypt and Mesopotamia. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2014.

The Relationship Between Intellectual Property And Human Rights International Law Essay

The Relationship Between intelligent Property And Human Rights International Law EssayThe aim of this assignment is to accept the sexual relationship between expert position and valet de chambre chastises. Intellectual billet corrects have spread out through m either bilateral, regional and multilateral treaties and the splendour of expert shoes is increasing with each passing day.1However, the even ups stemmed from sharp quality have started up a harsh discussion with a military personnelity rights aspect due to its affects on homosexual rights.2The problems derived from this relation have been developed in depth. In the first region, intellectual spot-related human rights law and human rights-related intellectual station law be discussed. The TRIPS Agreement is analyzed and the discussion of whether intellectual property rights are human rights is examined according to the international instruments when appropriate. One of the more intriguing questions is wheth er intellectual property rights are human rights to answer this, we should look at the international instruments. In part 2, the European Court of Human Rights decisions concerning whether the terminal figure pigheadedness in typeface 13of Protocol No. 1 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms includes intellectual property rights such as treat mark, copyright, glaring. In part 3, TRIPS agreement and its impacts on the realization of human rights such as the tension between patents and right to health related to HIV and support which mostly affects to a lower placedeveloped and developing countries are analyzed.I would like to clarify in advance that all related subjects concerning the relationship between intellectual property and human rights is non analysed since there are numerous branches stemmed from that relationship. Therefore, it is required to choose the most important and relevant parts of that relationship. For instance, ne arly international instruments which are related to both intellectual property and human rights are non examined. Moreover, TRIPS Agreement does not only have negative effects on right to health barely also on other human rights however only right to life is analysed due to the same reason.The relationship between human rights and intellectual property which were formerly strangers, are now becoming intimate bedfellows. This case is stated asFor decades the two subjects developed in virtual closing off from each other. But in the last few years, international standard setting activities have begun to map previously uncharted intersections between intellectual property law on the one hand and human rights law on the other.4The interplay of human rights and intellectual property rights has reached new heights since the World Trade geological formation (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) which was enacted in 1995 and hereafter s tates, courts scholar, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) such as the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the World Trade presidential term WTO), the U.N Commission on Human Rights and the Sub-Commission on the publicity and Protection of Human Rights, The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological renewal (CBD) has drawn more attention to this link.5Moreover, before TRIPs Agreement was defered into effect, there had already been some impacts to create this intimate bedfellow. The first one is the adaptation of non-binding document named UDHR in 1948 by commonplace Assembly of the United Nations. by and by the cooperate World War, the problem of disregard and contempt for human rights broke out and the declaration arose from these affects of the Second World War which represents the first global expression of right. In the UDHR, the signifi thatt endtly important article in terms of in tellectual property is Article 27(2) which is analysed below.In the mid-1960s, so as to make the UDHR binding, two covenants which are ICCPR and ICESCR were adopted. Under article 17 of the ICCPR and under article 15(1)(c) of ICESCR6the link between intellectual property and human rights is once more stated and more attention is drawn to that relationship and to the debates caused by this relationship.As a result, the relationship between intellectual property rights and human rights which is quite complicated and controversial has been at the centre of the heated debates for both IP and HR specialists for over half a century. The effect of IP rules on the ability of States to comply with their obligations under international human rights such as the duty to guarantee everybody access to affordable medicines is at the core of the debate.7Despite the position that it is commonly known a perfect equalizer is probably unattainable, some international intellectual property rights such as the TRIPS Agreement recognise that optimal balance has to be created between intellectual property rights and human rights.8On the other hand, it is also argued that whether intellectual property rights are human rights.INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY-RELATED benignant RIGHTS LAWThe International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights(ICCPR) and its two Optional Protocols, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, companionable and Cultural Rights(ICESCR) which were adopted in 1966, 1948 and 1966 respectively, form the International Bill of Human Rights. These instruments have always been used to argue that human rights covenants identify intellectual property rights as human rights.9As it is stated above Article 15(1)(c) of the ICESCR is related to the intellectual property and it recognises the right of everyone to benefit from both moral and material interests resulting from each literary, scientific or artistic production of which he is the author. Moreover, Article 15 (1) does not only talks about the guard of the material benefits of the author but also recognizes the right of plenty to take part in cultural life, enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications which means that article 15 impliedly mentions the need of balance between the rights of the author, who makes a specific contribution, with the individual and collective rights of society to benefit from this contribution.10According to some people this reading of the law is the proof of that the intellectual property rights are human rights.1112Similarly, as it is stated above Article 27(2) of UDHR is related to the intellectual property and intellectual property rights are enshrine as human rights in the UDHR under that article which states that everyone has the right to protection of moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic work of which he is the author.13However, Article 27 of UDHR and Article 15 of ICESCR lead to some questions such as all intellectual property rights are human rights. (instead of saying lead to some questions and giving only one example, say emphases that question whether intellectual property rights human rights? )According to the intellectual property right advocates these articles show that all intellectual property rights such as patents, trademarks, plant breeders rights are human rights.14In order to give a reasonable answer to this question, these provisions have to be examined closely in terms of the meaning of the term author.According to the majority of specialists in both areas, the term author does not contain only the article writer but also the breeder and inventor.15In my point of view, these provisions refer to the articulate author and it covers the copyright protection due to the usage of term author in copyright.(so from your point of view what is author containing and wherefore? Only saying due to it covers protection of copyright is not enough. Make more comment) However, the word authors has to be interpreted narrowly according to the VCLT rules.16Therefore, for instance, the protection of moral and material benefits of authors cannot include the meaning of protection of the benefits of a patent. In other words, when we take into retainer of Article 27(2) of UDHR and article 15(1)(c) of ICESCR it is concluded from the interpretation of these two articles that all intellectual property rights are not accepted as human rights under these provisions. why? ( mesela 15 in a b c fikralarindan bahset bu fikralarin getirdiklerine ve neyden bahsediyolar, hr baglanti var mi yok mu, authordan bahsetmissin ama asil fikranin author icin etkisinden bahsetmemissin, yani author bu fikradan nasil etkilenecek ?)At that point, General Comment No 17 which was adopted by the ECSR Committee has to be pointed out regarding the question whether Article 15(1) (c) refers to the protection of intellectual property. According to the General Comment on Article 15(1)(c) of ICESCR, it is not possible to conclude that article 15(1)(c) protects intellectual property rights or lift up intellectual property to the human rights stratosphere.17This case is mentioned in some paragraphs of General Comment such as paragraph 1 saying that it is important not to equate intellectual property rights with the human right recognized in article 15, paragrap1 (c) by showing the reasons stated in paragraph 1 and 2 where it generally stresses the difference between human rights and intellectual property rights and paragraph 7 noting that intellectual property rights entitlements, because of their different nature, are not protected at the level of human rights.Furthermore, the committee limits the scope of the author term by stating that no legal entity can be deemed to be an author through implementing the words everyone, he and she by indicating the drafters belief that authors of scientific, literary or artistic productions can o nly be natural persons.18This interpretation shows that intellectual property rights are neither recognized as human rights nor mentioned under that article. For, intellectual property right holders in most cases are legal entities such as the large companies holding patents that can have a potential to affect the medicine attainableness and exempting these companies is against its nature. On the other hand, in the light of general comment no 17, it can also be construed that not all intellectual property rights but only the natural owners intellectual property rights are recognised as human rights.Besides, article 12 of UDHR19, which provides protection against arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home or correspondence and against attacks upon honour and reputation, is also accepted within the wider intellectual property framework, such as an action for violation of confidence, trade secrets, moral rights and even disposition rights.20( bu paragraph hem kisa biraz uzun ol masi lazim hemde biraz bu konu hakkinda sende yorum yap)Moreover, the ICCPR does not provide a positive basis for the protection of intellectual property rights, but under article 17 it guarantees, indirectly, the protection of moral rights that there shall not be any unlawful attacks on a persons honour and repudiation and also Article 19 mentions the freedom of expression which contains right to receive and impart information and ideas which shows that there is further indirect protection for reputational rights.21(Freedom of expressionnun insanin en temel haklarindan oldugundan vazgecilemeyeceginden bahsedip Article 19 da da deginilmesi dolayli bir koruma getiridgine kanit oldugunu soylebilirsin)THE EUROPEAN lawcourt OF pitying RIGHTS AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYFurthermore, the European Court of Human Rights has identified intellectual property rights as human rights when interpreting the term possession in Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. In Anheuser-Busch Inc v Portugal case22which is related to the application of brought by Anheuser-Busch Company to register the Budweiser as a trade mark which had already been registered as a designation of origin on behalf of a Czechoslovak Company, the Grand chamber of ECHR held that IPRs undeniably attracted the protection of Article 1 of Protocol No.1 of the ECHR and that it is clear a trade mark falls within the scope of the term possession under that article. Similar decision was held for copyrights by ECHR in Basan v Moldova23that the protection under article 1 also extends to copyrights.24Besides, in Smith Kline and French Laboratories Ltd v the Netherlands25the ECHR indicated that patent amounts to a possession within the meaning of that article.26Thus, even if the scope of the term possession is not defined explicitly, there is no doubt that the intellectual property rights are protected by article 1 of protocol 1 of the convention. This interpretation is also mentioned by an author thatThe concept of possessions in the first part of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 has an autonomous meaning which is not limited to the ownership of physical goods and is independent from the formal classification in domestic law certain other rights and interests constituting assets can also be regarded as property rights, and thus as possessions for the purposes of this provision.27( concept of the possessionsi paragrafin baslarina al, caselar hakkinda cok detayli bilgi gerekmiyo bence ve sonlara dogru mahkemenin tutumunu kendi yorumunla acikca belirt)TRIPS AGREEMENT AND REALIZATION OF HUMAN RIGHTSAfter analysing the intellectual property-related human rights instruments, we should also examine the human rights related intellectual property agreement which is the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, more commonly known as TRIPS negotiated in 1994 at the Uruguay Round of GATT and the ratification of TRIPS b ecame a compulsory requirement of WTO membership. Any countries willing to enter international markets facilitated by WTO have to comply with strictly enforced intellectual property law by TRIPS. This makes TRIPS a very critical instrument for maintaining intellectual property laws in the date of globalization.The TRIPS agreement that has a so-called major aim to enhance the standards of intellectual property rights, specially in under-developed countries, has huge impacts on the realization of human rights through its implementation.28For, under TRIPS the protection of patents is strengthened however this strengthening has started being harmful for fundamental human rights such as right to health.29In other words, the nexus between the intellectual property rights and realization of human rights in under-developed countries occurs with regard to a number of human rights such as rights to health curiously in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemics in Africa and India.30This is due to the fact that medical patents force countries to introduce product patents in pharmaceuticals, thereby not allowing the generic medicines which leads to dramatic drop in the prices of these drugs, adversely effecting the medicines accessibility and endanger the life of a substantial number of persons, thereby the human rights to health.31In my point of view, TRIPS Agreement fulfils its own obligations partly by emphasising, impliedly under article 7, the need to balance the human rights and intellectual property rights, by not providing any method on how to accomplish this balance.32Therefore, the ways of achieving that balance should be inserted by a clause into TRIPS Agreement since in terms of right to health, the affordability and accessibility of medicines, oddly by needy people, are the two major components of right to health. As a result, TRIPS Agreement, contrary to its so-called aim to enhance the standards of intellectual property rights particularly in under-developed countries, has brought benefits only to developed countries and this has done by preventing the development of developing countries. Therefore, TRIPS Agreement should be amended as soon as possible.The reaction, against the impacts of intellectual property rights on the realization of human rights such as the significant changes in the drug prices, is also taken in hand by the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights which declares that any intellectual property rights regime that which would make it more difficult for a state to comply with its core obligations in relation to the right to health and food would be inconsistent with the legally binding obligations33of the concerned state.34CONCLUSIONIn my point of view, which is also the dominant view among people concerning the question whether intellectual property rights are human rights, intellectual property rights cannot be recognized as human rights35since they are incompatible to each other. After the W TOs TRIPS agreement was adopted which made WTO countries to include patent protection for pharmaceuticals, this dominant view among authorities has strengthened and the view of adherents started to argue that the duties imposed by the TRIPS agreement, particularly in the form of medical patent, come in the way of countries fulfilling their international obligations towards fulfilling their citizens right to health, which is a well recognised human right.36Moreover, it is commonly accepted by many authorities, including authors and also the General Comment No 1737regarding the Article 15(1) (c) of ICESCR, that defining intellectual property rules as human rights is problematic at the abstractive level since on the one side human rights are the rights that are inalienable and part of universal entitlements that are not limited in time or space and cannot be suspended or curtailed. On the other side, Intellectual property rights are limited-duration statutory rights which are granted by the State. Furthermore, it is not really logical to recognise intellectual property rights as human rights whereas human rights such as right to health are recognized as rights that are inherent to mankind by virtue of their humanity. Besides, they can be curtailed in certain circumstances where they conflict with the larger interests of society.38The reason of focusing on the underdeveloped and developing countries is that HIV and AIDS affect people living in poorer countries to an exponentially greater extent than people in rich countries.39( bence, son cumleyi bu konuyu anlattigin yere eklersen daha iyi olacak gibi cunku genel bilgi verirken ozel bir aciklama yapmissin)