Bollywood Film Essay Example for Free

Bollywood Film EssayThe development of technology has caused non-homogeneous changes in the different aspects of the society. One of the most observ equal to(p) modifications is in terms of the source of enjoyment for most people. Nowadays, majority of the people are interested in watching movies. They tend to get the satisfaction out of looking at actors and actresses play various roles. Motion pictures also portray different themes that could be focused on romance, actions, horror, science fiction, and others. The clamor for movies also paved the way for the success and popularity of numerous thespians such as those in Bollywood. Bollywood usually make movies that feature the concept of Scopophilia, which literally means the love of watching. This term is also synonymous with voyeurism that pertains to the experience of sexual satisfaction by means of observing other people in secret. Most of the time, the object of such kind of desire is someone who is undressed or act i n a sexual activity. The main idea in the concept of scopophilia is that the one who is looking or peeping does not interact with the person being observed.In the same manner that movie-viewing also adheres to such practice because the audience watches the activities of the people on the screen, who are unaware that they are being observed. Most of the time, filmmakers would use sexy scenes in order to satisfy the sense of scopophilia within a person. However, they could get around it by featuring a chaste woman in the plot of the story. In this sense, the filmmakers are rattling creating a balance between a woman who easily engages in sexual activity and another female who represents the conservative nourish of being chaste.This is greatly observable in Shri 420, wherein it shows two women that were linked with the main character Raj, Vidya the virtuous woman and Maya the sultry temptress. The film shows erotic scenes especially those involving Maya. Nevertheless, they were able to get away with it because of the argument that these scenes are important in order to show the difference of Maya from Vidya. As such, erotic scenes were perceived to have an important pattern in the plot of the story to be able to distinguish the kinds of women that exist.This also symbolizes the difference of the good and the bad that is shown in the movie, wherein Raj was with Vidya when he was still living a morally upright life but later on tempted by Maya when he was already engaged in illegal activities. The discussions above show that scopophilia is actually the main idea behind the very nature of movie-watching. Filmmakers usually use erotic scenes in order to satisfy this kind of desire within a person. Nevertheless, erotic scenes also have an important part in the movie as it tends to distinguish the upright life from the unethical one by use women as examples.

Marcel Duchamps and Andy Warhol Essay Example for Free

Marcel Duchamps and Andy Warhol Essay

Ancient Egypt’s Comparison with Mesopotamia

quaint Egypts Comparison with MesopotamiaAncient Egypts nation system compared with MesopotamiaAncient Egyptians had an easier life compared to the other ancient civilizations because of their reli sufficient kitchen-gardening system. geographics played a astronomical role, especially in farming. Due to geography, Mesopotamia and Egypt had diametrical farming methods, weathers, surround, and flooding seasons. In fact, Egypts great farming system conduct them to have better conditions to farm than Mesopotamia because of flooding, the rivers and irrigation and the farming tools that they used. Economy, crops, flooding, and the weather varied amidst Mesopotamia and Egypt. Geography, flooding seasons, different farming tools, and methods led Egypt to have a better agriculture system than Egypt.The difference between geographies, which includes the environment, was the main factor that the farming was different in Mesopotamians and Egyptians. Flooding influenced farming in Mesopot amia and Egypt. However, flooding helped Egypt hardly it influenced badly in Mesopotamia. Egypt is settled on the worlds longest river, the Nile, which flows from south to north because of the geography of land. Unlike Mesopotamia, Egypt had a predictable flooding seasons. Farmers, knowing when to expect floods, were able to schedule growing seasons around when crops needed water. Not only did flooding help with good timing with farming, but it also provided rich soil from the flooding. The Nile River floods between June and October (Louis, and Jennifer). After floods, there would be a fertile land along the river which Egyptians used to plant and grow things such as fruits and vegetables (Gill, 29). Flood played a big role in farming and growing crops in Egypt.On the contrary, growing crops were more difficult for Mesopotamians because of the difference in geography. Mesopotamia had limited natural resources because of the occasional floods (David, 117). Farmers had no prediction when it was going to flood, which gave the farmers with child(p) terms finding the right season to farm. Unlike Egyptians, Mesopotamians lived in the city-states which were based on farming and trade. The city-states were a sort out of small cities which needed unity with one the other. Also, they were isolated from one another geographically and so the independence of each city-state became important. Farming played a big role in city-states. However, Egypt did not have a good environment, especially the flood was the main problem. Floods destroyed villages and took mevery lives (David, 121). The floods sometimes caused rivers to change courses and due to this farmers had a lot of trouble with crops. Sudden floods forced Mesopotamians to create an organized agricultural system to help them with farming and growing crops. Mesopotamia was very dry, hot and had little rainfall. Farmers had hard time finding water for their crops. Farming was hard for Mesopotamians due to the hot w eather and bad environment conditions (David, 122).Flood was not the only cause of having different farming system, but also due to using different tools and farming methods. Using different tools in farming and farming in different environment such as soil and weathers led Mesopotamia and Egypt to harvest different crops. Egyptian grew a lot of crops due to good weather and soil. Egyptian farmers grew crops such as wheat, barley, vegetables, figs, melons, pomegranates and vines (Barrow). Also, they grew flax which was made into linen (Barrow). Out of all the crops that the Egyptian farmers harvested, the most important crop was grain because ancient Egyptians used grain to make bread, porridge and beer (Barrow). Moreover, grain was the first base crop that they grew after inundation. Once the grain was harvested, they grew vegetables, such as onions, leeks, cabbages beans and lettuce (Barrow). Crops differed between Mesopotamia and Egypt because of the environment, but also due to the different tools that they used to farm. Ancient Egyptian had transparent farming tools such as winnowing scoops, hoes, rakes, flint-bladed sickles and ploughs (Barrow). Farming methods, and tools also took a big role in Egypt to have a reliable farming system. Moreover, Egypt was geography isolated by deserts, mountains and seas which allowed their crops to grow well.Mesopotamia had only few crops to grow due to the geography and flooding which influenced the Economy. Due to unpredictable floods, Mesopotamians did not know when to farm. For some farmers, when it was time to harvest, flooded unexpectedly and swept away all the crops. However, the farmers raised few crops which were grains, fruit, vegetables, and barn yard animals. One of the methods that the farmers used was by filling the containers with seeds. Cows would overcharge plow seed and the seeds would go into the ground (Louis, and Jennifer). Mesopotamian people invented the seeder plow, which enabled farmers to ca rry out the tasks of seeding and plowing at the same time. The plow created a long, narrow infringe made in the ground as seed was dropped into a funnel (Gabriel). The Mesopotamians further enhanced the technology of the plow by learning how to use ox to power it (Gabriel). There were few farming methods, however, Mesopotamia did not have enough methods than Egypt (Louis, and Jennifer). Due to the lack of farming methods, the Mesopotamian farmers hand harvested most crops. Because of the unpredictable flood, and lack of farming tools and methods, Egypt had a better profit in crops and had developed farming system.Along with the farming methods and tools, Mesopotamian and Egyptians were both influenced by geography (McIntosh, 56). Egypt, irrigation led to an increased food lend and helped water dry lands with streams, canals, or pipes. Due to irrigation, farmers could plan for the seasonal flooding. Nile River played a big role in farming because the river provided silt whenever th ere was a flood, so Egypt was ready for flood and they did not have to worry about the right time for farming. Also, after floods, there would be a fertile foray along the Nile River that was about 12 miles wide (Louis, and Jennifer). Moreover, this benefited the soil, due to this they had rich fertile soil which was good for farming. Not only good fertile soil land, but also the economy boosted. Farmers had a lot of profit due to growing crops. Crops were able to boost the economy because of irrigation. This increased food supply, fertile lands, canals, pipes, and farmers suffered less. Due to Egypts geography, economy boosted because of crops.On the other land, Mesopotamia had hard time with their economy because of their geography. Mesopotamia depended on Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, however, they sometimes brought unpredictable floods (Wallenfels, 28-29). Unlike Egypt, Mesopotamia was overwhelmed with a man-sized amount of silt. This silt was a constant cause of problems in th e manmade irrigation systems (Grigg, 22). Not only the silt was the problem, but also the salt was the problem. Right below the surface of where Mesopotamia was, there was a large cluster of salt deposits. This high saline content of the soil made farming in Mesopotamia much more complex and difficult than it was in Egypt. Also, any time the irrigation waterways were not able to be maintained, a lack of the large food would result. Due to the salt deposit and overload of silt caused a lour in economy and crops in Mesopotamia (Grigg, 21).Above all, Egypt had better and suitable environment to grow crops which developed their farming skills as well as their economy. Also, there were umpteen farming methods and tools which led them to grow more crops, and no longer had to do hand harvested crops. Egypts distinguished geography, farming methods, and farming tools helped to set them up to be more advanced and outstanding society than Mesopotamian civilization.Works CitedBertman, Stephe n. Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. New York Oxford UP, 2005.Print.Cline, Eric H., and Jill Rubalcaba. The Ancient Egyptian World. New York Oxford UP, 2005.Print.David, A. Rosalie. Geography of Ancient Egypt. Handbook to Life in Ancient Egypt. NewYork Facts On File, 2003. 117-22. Print.Louis, and Jennifer. Farming and Agriculture of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Farming andAgriculture of Egypt and Mesopotamia. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2014.Roaf, Michael. Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. Arlington, VA Stonehenge, 1992.Print.Wallenfels, Ronald. World Eras, Volume 8 Ancient Mesopotamia, 3300-331 BCE. Detroit Gale,2004. Print.Gill, Vernon Dale, Tom (1974). Topsoil and Civilization, University of Oklahoma Press.Grigg, D.B, (1974). Agricultural Systems of the World. Cambridge University Press.Jacobsent, Thorkild (1982). Salinity and Irrigation Agriculture in Antiquity, UndenaPublications.Leonard, Jonathan Norton, (1973). The First Farmers, Time Life Books.Louis, and Jennifer. Farmi ng and Agriculture of Egypt and Mesopotamia.Farming and Agriculture of Egypt and Mesopotamia. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2014.

The Relationship Between Intellectual Property And Human Rights International Law Essay

The Relationship Between intelligent Property And Human Rights International Law EssayThe aim of this assignment is to accept the sexual relationship between expert position and valet de chambre chastises. Intellectual billet corrects have spread out through m either bilateral, regional and multilateral treaties and the splendour of expert shoes is increasing with each passing day.1However, the even ups stemmed from sharp quality have started up a harsh discussion with a military personnelity rights aspect due to its affects on homosexual rights.2The problems derived from this relation have been developed in depth. In the first region, intellectual spot-related human rights law and human rights-related intellectual station law be discussed. The TRIPS Agreement is analyzed and the discussion of whether intellectual property rights are human rights is examined according to the international instruments when appropriate. One of the more intriguing questions is wheth er intellectual property rights are human rights to answer this, we should look at the international instruments. In part 2, the European Court of Human Rights decisions concerning whether the terminal figure pigheadedness in typeface 13of Protocol No. 1 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms includes intellectual property rights such as treat mark, copyright, glaring. In part 3, TRIPS agreement and its impacts on the realization of human rights such as the tension between patents and right to health related to HIV and support which mostly affects to a lower placedeveloped and developing countries are analyzed.I would like to clarify in advance that all related subjects concerning the relationship between intellectual property and human rights is non analysed since there are numerous branches stemmed from that relationship. Therefore, it is required to choose the most important and relevant parts of that relationship. For instance, ne arly international instruments which are related to both intellectual property and human rights are non examined. Moreover, TRIPS Agreement does not only have negative effects on right to health barely also on other human rights however only right to life is analysed due to the same reason.The relationship between human rights and intellectual property which were formerly strangers, are now becoming intimate bedfellows. This case is stated asFor decades the two subjects developed in virtual closing off from each other. But in the last few years, international standard setting activities have begun to map previously uncharted intersections between intellectual property law on the one hand and human rights law on the other.4The interplay of human rights and intellectual property rights has reached new heights since the World Trade geological formation (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) which was enacted in 1995 and hereafter s tates, courts scholar, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) such as the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the World Trade presidential term WTO), the U.N Commission on Human Rights and the Sub-Commission on the publicity and Protection of Human Rights, The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological renewal (CBD) has drawn more attention to this link.5Moreover, before TRIPs Agreement was defered into effect, there had already been some impacts to create this intimate bedfellow. The first one is the adaptation of non-binding document named UDHR in 1948 by commonplace Assembly of the United Nations. by and by the cooperate World War, the problem of disregard and contempt for human rights broke out and the declaration arose from these affects of the Second World War which represents the first global expression of right. In the UDHR, the signifi thatt endtly important article in terms of in tellectual property is Article 27(2) which is analysed below.In the mid-1960s, so as to make the UDHR binding, two covenants which are ICCPR and ICESCR were adopted. Under article 17 of the ICCPR and under article 15(1)(c) of ICESCR6the link between intellectual property and human rights is once more stated and more attention is drawn to that relationship and to the debates caused by this relationship.As a result, the relationship between intellectual property rights and human rights which is quite complicated and controversial has been at the centre of the heated debates for both IP and HR specialists for over half a century. The effect of IP rules on the ability of States to comply with their obligations under international human rights such as the duty to guarantee everybody access to affordable medicines is at the core of the debate.7Despite the position that it is commonly known a perfect equalizer is probably unattainable, some international intellectual property rights such as the TRIPS Agreement recognise that optimal balance has to be created between intellectual property rights and human rights.8On the other hand, it is also argued that whether intellectual property rights are human rights.INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY-RELATED benignant RIGHTS LAWThe International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights(ICCPR) and its two Optional Protocols, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, companionable and Cultural Rights(ICESCR) which were adopted in 1966, 1948 and 1966 respectively, form the International Bill of Human Rights. These instruments have always been used to argue that human rights covenants identify intellectual property rights as human rights.9As it is stated above Article 15(1)(c) of the ICESCR is related to the intellectual property and it recognises the right of everyone to benefit from both moral and material interests resulting from each literary, scientific or artistic production of which he is the author. Moreover, Article 15 (1) does not only talks about the guard of the material benefits of the author but also recognizes the right of plenty to take part in cultural life, enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications which means that article 15 impliedly mentions the need of balance between the rights of the author, who makes a specific contribution, with the individual and collective rights of society to benefit from this contribution.10According to some people this reading of the law is the proof of that the intellectual property rights are human rights.1112Similarly, as it is stated above Article 27(2) of UDHR is related to the intellectual property and intellectual property rights are enshrine as human rights in the UDHR under that article which states that everyone has the right to protection of moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic work of which he is the author.13However, Article 27 of UDHR and Article 15 of ICESCR lead to some questions such as all intellectual property rights are human rights. (instead of saying lead to some questions and giving only one example, say emphases that question whether intellectual property rights human rights? )According to the intellectual property right advocates these articles show that all intellectual property rights such as patents, trademarks, plant breeders rights are human rights.14In order to give a reasonable answer to this question, these provisions have to be examined closely in terms of the meaning of the term author.According to the majority of specialists in both areas, the term author does not contain only the article writer but also the breeder and inventor.15In my point of view, these provisions refer to the articulate author and it covers the copyright protection due to the usage of term author in copyright.(so from your point of view what is author containing and wherefore? Only saying due to it covers protection of copyright is not enough. Make more comment) However, the word authors has to be interpreted narrowly according to the VCLT rules.16Therefore, for instance, the protection of moral and material benefits of authors cannot include the meaning of protection of the benefits of a patent. In other words, when we take into retainer of Article 27(2) of UDHR and article 15(1)(c) of ICESCR it is concluded from the interpretation of these two articles that all intellectual property rights are not accepted as human rights under these provisions. why? ( mesela 15 in a b c fikralarindan bahset bu fikralarin getirdiklerine ve neyden bahsediyolar, hr baglanti var mi yok mu, authordan bahsetmissin ama asil fikranin author icin etkisinden bahsetmemissin, yani author bu fikradan nasil etkilenecek ?)At that point, General Comment No 17 which was adopted by the ECSR Committee has to be pointed out regarding the question whether Article 15(1) (c) refers to the protection of intellectual property. According to the General Comment on Article 15(1)(c) of ICESCR, it is not possible to conclude that article 15(1)(c) protects intellectual property rights or lift up intellectual property to the human rights stratosphere.17This case is mentioned in some paragraphs of General Comment such as paragraph 1 saying that it is important not to equate intellectual property rights with the human right recognized in article 15, paragrap1 (c) by showing the reasons stated in paragraph 1 and 2 where it generally stresses the difference between human rights and intellectual property rights and paragraph 7 noting that intellectual property rights entitlements, because of their different nature, are not protected at the level of human rights.Furthermore, the committee limits the scope of the author term by stating that no legal entity can be deemed to be an author through implementing the words everyone, he and she by indicating the drafters belief that authors of scientific, literary or artistic productions can o nly be natural persons.18This interpretation shows that intellectual property rights are neither recognized as human rights nor mentioned under that article. For, intellectual property right holders in most cases are legal entities such as the large companies holding patents that can have a potential to affect the medicine attainableness and exempting these companies is against its nature. On the other hand, in the light of general comment no 17, it can also be construed that not all intellectual property rights but only the natural owners intellectual property rights are recognised as human rights.Besides, article 12 of UDHR19, which provides protection against arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home or correspondence and against attacks upon honour and reputation, is also accepted within the wider intellectual property framework, such as an action for violation of confidence, trade secrets, moral rights and even disposition rights.20( bu paragraph hem kisa biraz uzun ol masi lazim hemde biraz bu konu hakkinda sende yorum yap)Moreover, the ICCPR does not provide a positive basis for the protection of intellectual property rights, but under article 17 it guarantees, indirectly, the protection of moral rights that there shall not be any unlawful attacks on a persons honour and repudiation and also Article 19 mentions the freedom of expression which contains right to receive and impart information and ideas which shows that there is further indirect protection for reputational rights.21(Freedom of expressionnun insanin en temel haklarindan oldugundan vazgecilemeyeceginden bahsedip Article 19 da da deginilmesi dolayli bir koruma getiridgine kanit oldugunu soylebilirsin)THE EUROPEAN lawcourt OF pitying RIGHTS AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYFurthermore, the European Court of Human Rights has identified intellectual property rights as human rights when interpreting the term possession in Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. In Anheuser-Busch Inc v Portugal case22which is related to the application of brought by Anheuser-Busch Company to register the Budweiser as a trade mark which had already been registered as a designation of origin on behalf of a Czechoslovak Company, the Grand chamber of ECHR held that IPRs undeniably attracted the protection of Article 1 of Protocol No.1 of the ECHR and that it is clear a trade mark falls within the scope of the term possession under that article. Similar decision was held for copyrights by ECHR in Basan v Moldova23that the protection under article 1 also extends to copyrights.24Besides, in Smith Kline and French Laboratories Ltd v the Netherlands25the ECHR indicated that patent amounts to a possession within the meaning of that article.26Thus, even if the scope of the term possession is not defined explicitly, there is no doubt that the intellectual property rights are protected by article 1 of protocol 1 of the convention. This interpretation is also mentioned by an author thatThe concept of possessions in the first part of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 has an autonomous meaning which is not limited to the ownership of physical goods and is independent from the formal classification in domestic law certain other rights and interests constituting assets can also be regarded as property rights, and thus as possessions for the purposes of this provision.27( concept of the possessionsi paragrafin baslarina al, caselar hakkinda cok detayli bilgi gerekmiyo bence ve sonlara dogru mahkemenin tutumunu kendi yorumunla acikca belirt)TRIPS AGREEMENT AND REALIZATION OF HUMAN RIGHTSAfter analysing the intellectual property-related human rights instruments, we should also examine the human rights related intellectual property agreement which is the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, more commonly known as TRIPS negotiated in 1994 at the Uruguay Round of GATT and the ratification of TRIPS b ecame a compulsory requirement of WTO membership. Any countries willing to enter international markets facilitated by WTO have to comply with strictly enforced intellectual property law by TRIPS. This makes TRIPS a very critical instrument for maintaining intellectual property laws in the date of globalization.The TRIPS agreement that has a so-called major aim to enhance the standards of intellectual property rights, specially in under-developed countries, has huge impacts on the realization of human rights through its implementation.28For, under TRIPS the protection of patents is strengthened however this strengthening has started being harmful for fundamental human rights such as right to health.29In other words, the nexus between the intellectual property rights and realization of human rights in under-developed countries occurs with regard to a number of human rights such as rights to health curiously in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemics in Africa and India.30This is due to the fact that medical patents force countries to introduce product patents in pharmaceuticals, thereby not allowing the generic medicines which leads to dramatic drop in the prices of these drugs, adversely effecting the medicines accessibility and endanger the life of a substantial number of persons, thereby the human rights to health.31In my point of view, TRIPS Agreement fulfils its own obligations partly by emphasising, impliedly under article 7, the need to balance the human rights and intellectual property rights, by not providing any method on how to accomplish this balance.32Therefore, the ways of achieving that balance should be inserted by a clause into TRIPS Agreement since in terms of right to health, the affordability and accessibility of medicines, oddly by needy people, are the two major components of right to health. As a result, TRIPS Agreement, contrary to its so-called aim to enhance the standards of intellectual property rights particularly in under-developed countries, has brought benefits only to developed countries and this has done by preventing the development of developing countries. Therefore, TRIPS Agreement should be amended as soon as possible.The reaction, against the impacts of intellectual property rights on the realization of human rights such as the significant changes in the drug prices, is also taken in hand by the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights which declares that any intellectual property rights regime that which would make it more difficult for a state to comply with its core obligations in relation to the right to health and food would be inconsistent with the legally binding obligations33of the concerned state.34CONCLUSIONIn my point of view, which is also the dominant view among people concerning the question whether intellectual property rights are human rights, intellectual property rights cannot be recognized as human rights35since they are incompatible to each other. After the W TOs TRIPS agreement was adopted which made WTO countries to include patent protection for pharmaceuticals, this dominant view among authorities has strengthened and the view of adherents started to argue that the duties imposed by the TRIPS agreement, particularly in the form of medical patent, come in the way of countries fulfilling their international obligations towards fulfilling their citizens right to health, which is a well recognised human right.36Moreover, it is commonly accepted by many authorities, including authors and also the General Comment No 1737regarding the Article 15(1) (c) of ICESCR, that defining intellectual property rules as human rights is problematic at the abstractive level since on the one side human rights are the rights that are inalienable and part of universal entitlements that are not limited in time or space and cannot be suspended or curtailed. On the other side, Intellectual property rights are limited-duration statutory rights which are granted by the State. Furthermore, it is not really logical to recognise intellectual property rights as human rights whereas human rights such as right to health are recognized as rights that are inherent to mankind by virtue of their humanity. Besides, they can be curtailed in certain circumstances where they conflict with the larger interests of society.38The reason of focusing on the underdeveloped and developing countries is that HIV and AIDS affect people living in poorer countries to an exponentially greater extent than people in rich countries.39( bence, son cumleyi bu konuyu anlattigin yere eklersen daha iyi olacak gibi cunku genel bilgi verirken ozel bir aciklama yapmissin)

Burger King: Business Communication Processes

Burger queer Business Communication ProcessesThe Burger King is international Fast Food chain was founded in 1953 in Jacksonville Florida. At that prison term the name is insta-burger. The original founders and leters, Kieth J. Kramer and his wifes uncle Matthew Burns, opened their first stores around a piece of equipment known as the Insta-Broiler. After the original company began to falter in 1959, it was purchased by the Miami, Florida franchisees James McLamore and David R. Edgerton who renamed the company Burger King. After independent for eight years, the company expanding around 250 locations in the United States, when they sold it to the Pillsbury Company in 1967.According to my knowledge the Burger King in New Zealand the previous owner was Dennis J wizs and Mark Backhaus and they sold bulge Burger King to Anchorage Capital Partners Australian Company. Anchorage partner Mark Bayliss execute chairman of the New Zealand Burger King operation.My objective in this report is discussing communication march in Sylvia park Burger King. The reason behind this to choose this business because I was working in this company for nearly one year and I was watching day by day communication process ,how it is effective and how it is beta for business.Business demographicsBusiness Communication business communication is the communication between the concourse in the organization for the purpose of carrying out business activities. It may be oral, verbal, written etc.In Burger King in that respect is different stages where the communication process burgeon forths belongings ,in internally the communication is MEMOS,BUSINESSLETTERS,E-MAILS, MANUALS ,METTINGS, NEWSLETTERS and these communication are very of the essence(p) in business to met main objective.The communication process in worry levels are.That means how communication is occurs in different level of management levels that are following. conduce level management CEO and other top level management.Top level manager (area manager) and restaurant managers.eatery manager and lower level manager.Restaurant managerAssistant managerSalary managerHourly managerTeam leaderCrewThe communication process in different stake in Burger KingFront counter and order making in this process, the front counter person take the order of client and after that cashbox screen the order overlord got sum to make a node order.Drive thru person and customer when a car comes to drive thru the order taker and customer beam each(prenominal)(prenominal) other via headphone and speaker and mice.Order making (boat) to the fry brand the cooked product is delivering FRY STATION to the boat PHU (PRODUCT HOLDING UNIT) gibe to the order requirement by verbal communication. For example if in that respect is order of five BK chicken then the boat person told fry come out person please down five chicken if other person says yes then boat person says thanks that is compiled communication process.In our Burger King (Sylvia Park) there is screens in each station for example front counter order, drive thru order, boat station, fry station and boiler station. That means how message is passes from one station to other station.Drive thru and order making in this process, drive thru person take the order of customer and after that trough screen the order maker got message to make a customer order.Burger King menu board is good example of nonverbal communication process because if customer come to place order first see what he/she want after looking menu board he/she decide what is good meal deal.I receive one good example to relieve the whole communication process in gaitsStep 1 Front counter person victorious order (verbal communication) between the customer and front counter person.Step 2 Enter order in the system .that is encoding electronic machine that message to front counter to the kitchen screen (decode message in read able form), that is non verbal communication.Step 3 Boat person prepare order and come out ordered burger on the level.Step 4 After getting burger the packing person packs the order and gives to customer.So for complete communication process there is variant steps and how these steps are important in business communication.Burger King goalsBurger King want to individualize each customers order and return the trueheartedest table service possible that the fast intellectual nourishment restaurant aim and provide good customer service.Burger Kings policy is to give the customer many choices and to accurately and quickly provide whatever the customer chooses for example our restaurant menu board provide customers graphical communication.Burger Kings procedures are as well as consistent with their goals. In order to individualize each order they provide customers with many options when ordering. Some options acknowledge fries or onion rings, cheese, bacon, mustard, ketchup, mayonnaise, lettuce, tomato, pickles, and onion.The customer can pick any combination of these options that they desire, such as different meals of beef burger, chicken burger and salad burgers.One employee takes the customers order, the customer then moves down the line where another employee is preparing the order. Meanwhile, the original employee is taking another customers order. Customers also get their own drinks while they are waiting for their meal. This makes service much faster in that employees do not have to prepare drinks or provide refills.The climate at Burger King was very pleasant and customer can enjoy their meals by watching television at dining room.The restaurant was very clean and there were no loud noises from the service area. They also provided relaxing music for customers to listen to while dining.Burger King possessed more than adequate communication and leadership. Employees gave the customers feedback on their orders. from each one customer received a receipt, which enabled them to double-check their order. The employees also read the order back to the customer before handing them the order.In terms of leadership, a manager does hollo to every station and he is taking order and coaching staff in proper way. FOR EXAMPE he is do supervision every station and enunciate every team member so everything goes in proper manner.Burger Kings culture and ethicsBurger King culture means how improving ethics in transcription that means moral rights and wrong of any decisions in Burger King.How people behave in organisation for example in our Burger King company had made some(a) rules and regulation so all the staff should follow those rules, and how all the staff behaves with each other and how they behave with customers.By providing staff proper training to nurse company values so that all member of the organisation should learn proper way of work.For example in the Burger King the company setting banal of all food and safety like temperature , attri thate while of all products, and the culture of Burge r King includes standards ,language ,way of behaving, way of communicating, way of dressing .Standards setting standard of products temperature, holding eon and the entire staff member follow these standards.Language we have different staff form different culture and ethics values but at work place all the staffs speaks only English language.Dressing company having dress of all staff so that dress communicates any one is working in Burger King.Way of behave every staff behaves politely and friendly.Management of knowledge resourcesAccording to that concept knowledge management how the knowledge retch in practically and how it is good for any organisation. So for this first decide what organisation objective is.For our Burger King the main objective is providing good prize of fast food and good customer service to achieve this objective there are some steps.Manager should have good knowledge of food.Good quality of foodGood cooking equipment.Trained all staff in proper wayAll staf f should follow rules in fast food organisationProvide latest technology equipment and sharing that knowledge with staff and how effective it is.To trained staff how to sale more product by suggesting customer, if customer want only whopper burger then suggest him buy meal its cheaper.To share knowledge of new equipment to all staff.Group dynamicsIs the study of groups, and also a general term for group processes. Relevant to the fields ofpsychology,sociology, andcommunication studies, agroupis two or more individuals who are connected to each other by social relationships.Because they interact and influence each other, groups develop a number of dynamic processes that separate them from a random collection of individuals. These processes include norms, roles, relations, development, acquire to belong, social influence, and effects on behaviour. There is some barrierRisking when taking in group how much a person can take risk in communication.Expectations that means in group what t he other people expect from you and how to guarantee your expectations.Avoidance that means behaviour of a person to do use to avoid, may be that is habit or people can change their behaviour to make more relation with their group.Probing that means how you explain in group according to the requirement of other member of group.Control when any one taking in group and other member control you in his way how you feel in that communication.Silence sometimes it better way to keep silence in group according to the situation.Meeting managementIn any business meet is very important part of communication, and to make meeting run effectively are following points.An effective meeting serves a useful purpose. This means that in it, you achieve a desired outcome. For a meeting to meet this outcome, or objective, you have to be clear somewhat what it is the purpose of meeting. Mostly manager in any organisation call a meeting to discuss something important discussion.Use time wisely time is a precious resource, and no one wants their time wasted. With the amount of time we all spend in meetings, you owe it to yourself and your team to streamline the meeting as much as possible. So in meeting make agenda, the agenda is what you will refer to in order to keep the meeting running on target and on time. For making agenda some points should be consider.Priorities-what main topic is discuss in meeting.Results-what decisions will be taken.Participants-who are attending the meeting.Sequence-order of discussed topic.Timing-discussion time of topic.Date and Time-when will the meeting take place.Place-where will the meeting take place.Satisfied participants that a sensible process has been followed Once you have an agenda prepared, you need to circulate it to the participants and get their feedback and input. Once in the meeting, to ensure maximum satisfaction for everyone, there are several things you should keep in mindIf certain people are doing conversation, make a point of as king others for their ideas.At the end of each agenda item, quickly summarize what was said, and ask people to confirm that thats a fair summary. Then make notes regarding follow-up.Note items that require further discussion.Watch body language and make adjustments as necessary. Maybe you need a break, or you need to stop someone from speaking too much.Ensure the meeting stays on topic.List all tasks that are generated at the meeting. Make a note of who is assigned to do what, and by when.At the close of the meeting, quickly summarize next steps and inform everyone that you will be sending out a meeting summary.StakeholderThe Burger King manages to communicate with all stake holders with who are directly and indirectly linked with the organisation.Management and employees they also communicate with Burger King their jobs, move over and working hours etcCustomers customers are also communicating with organisation when they buy any product.Supplier different supplier can communicate with organisation such as bakery supplier, beef and chicken patty supplier, salad suppliers, equipment suppliers all are communicate according to their requirement.Banks company communicate with banks, directly transfer money to company cypher by using eftpos (electronic machination).Financial organisation provide finance to an organisation.Government the political science tax policies especially Inland Revenue communicate with organisation to settle tax according to sales of organisation.Trade unions these unions are communicating with worker of organisation to provide laws and rights of worker.City council communicate with organisation that business runs according to government standards and providing good quality product.NetworksIn our Burger King there various methods of communications such as call off, fax, internet, E- mail, etc. There are two types of networksLOCAL part NETWORKS (LANs) where all the electronic machines are connected with each other and close to each othe r.WIDE AREA NETWORKS (WANs) where computer communicate with each other via telephone lines or wireless transmission.Some examples of networks in Burger King areMinder Thats electronic device which connected with PHU (PRODUCT UNIT HOLDER) calculated which product is expires after a certain limit so the screen of minder communicate with staff which chicken patty is expired.Drive thru system that electronic device which can communicate between Burger King staff and customers.Internet communicate managers with head office via emails.Telephone this is also good source of communication in business.Electronic device to help taking order on front counter and drive thru and that system connecting with main computer in the office.ConclusionTo conclude that the communication process takes place in different level in Burger King, like as verbal, and non-verbal and different sources are used to complete this process step by step and how it is effective in the organisation. In our organisation ho w people communicate with staff, manager communicates with staff, networks used in organisation.

Karl Marxs Theory of Surplus Labour Essay -- Politics Political Essay

Karl Marxs Theory of Surplus LabourFor Marx surplus labour is the extra labour produced by a proletarian for his employer, to be put towards capital accumulation. The worker must do this work to conceal his job but otherwise gains nothing by it. By fate the accumulation of capital he contributes to the cycle of mechanization and division of labour, which allow for fewer workers to do more work, thus adding to the competition between workers, and lowering their rents. merely despite how it will contribute to a lessening of his earnings, the worker has no choice but to contribute surplus labour. If a manhood had the elbow room of action and could work for himself producing what he needed or what he could trade for what he needs, then a man could stop when he has what he needs. If a man does not own the means of intersection and therefore cannot sell the product of his own labour then he must sell his labour baron to someone who owns the means of production. He will be paid a wage. Marx makes it very clear that the wage is paid not for the labour, but for the labour-power, that is, the use of the worker for whatever set amount of time. Marx writes Labour-power, then, is a commodity, no more, no less so than is the sugar. The first is measured by the clock, the other by the scales. (1847. Wage-Labour and Capital. pg 3. All posterior references will be marked by page number only.)The wage that the worker is paid will be somewhere around the subsistence wage that is the wage necessary to keep the worker returning to the job the next day. While the subsistence wage for an individual worker can be just what is needed to keep the job position filled (not necessarily by the same person) the subsistence wage overall has to be enough th... ...ot the nature of the mechanical inventions or means of production themselves prevent them from bringing happiness, but the nature in which they atomic number 18 used as capital. Not all mechanical inventions or means of production are capital. Capital is a commodity or collection of commodities that are expected to produce more wealth. As Marx writes Capital does not consists in the fact that amass labour serves living labour as a means for new production. It consists in the fact that living labour serves accumulated labour as the means of preserving and multiplying its exchange value. (11) Capital relies on surplus-labour to preserve and multiply it, even while, as explained above, the profits from the increased capital are constantly diminishing.Work CitedMarx, Karl. 1849. Wage-Labour and Capital. In economics 314/English 351 Reading Package. Camrose Augustana

Discovering Sicke Cell Anemia Essay -- essays research papers

Discovering Sicke Cell AnemiaThe topic that I am learning close is Sickle Cell Anemia, a hereditarydisease which affects red stock certificate cells. Through unwrap this research paper, I willdiscuss what exactly it is, how it is caused, any cognise treatments or cures, andmany other facts that argon important in this disease.Sickle Cell Anemia is a health problem throughout the world. More than250,000 babies are born worldwide with this inherited blood cell disorder(http//www.medaccess.com/h_child/sickle/sca_01.htm). The disorder causes redblood cells to extend into a sickle shape which clogs the arteries.Persistant suffer and life-threatening infections result from the illness. About one in 400 dour newborns in the U.S. have sickle cell anemia. And one in 12 blackAmericans carry the sickle cell characteristic (http//www.medaccess.com/h_child/sickle/sca_01.htm). This leaves a good chance that the parent with thetrait can pass the defect onto issuing although their admit health is not harmed.The cause of sickle cell anemia is rather simple but it leaves a lifethreatening affect. Anyone who carries the inherited trait for sickle cellanemia, but doesnt have the disorder, is actually protected from a severe formof malaria. This helped the children in countries where malaria was a problem,to be able to survive against that disease. What happened to those children?They grew up, had their own children and ended up passing the gene for sicklecell anemia onto their offspring.This disease is a hereditary blood disorder that affects the red blood cell. blood-red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin which transports oxygen fromyour lungs to every part of your body. Hemoglobins oxygen carrying ability isessential for living but if there is a morphologic defect on the pigmentedmolecule, it can be fatal. When a normal red blood cell distributes its oxygen,it has a disc shape. But when an affected red blood cell containing sickle cellhemoglobin releases its oxygen, the image of the cell changes from a disc shapeto a sickled shape. In hemoglobin, there are four irons of amino group acids. Two are lie with as alpha chains, and two are called beta chains. In a normal hemoglobin,the amino acid in the sixth position on the beta chain is know as glutamic acid(refer to diagram 1.1 on page 6). During sickle cell anemia, the glutamic acidis pushed out of its place and replaced wi... ...ease, I have in condition(p)many new details about it. I realized that even the slightest change in thesequence of amino acids can lead to very harmful effects. In this disease, onlyone amino acid was substituted and still the illness is very harsh. I besideslearned how exactly the cells deform and why they go into a sickle shape. Itwas very interesting to learn that the disease mostly effects African Americans.I also learned that when the sickles get clogged in an artery, it results in avery painful attack on the person and may cause them to have an episode. Whenepisodes occur, the enduring may have to go into a hospital for pain killers.The disease also can lead to ulcers, strokes, paralysis, decay of tissues, andmany other problems throughout the persons unblemished life. Sickle Cell Anemia is avery serious disease that effects a person and there way of life. It doesnthave a known cure yet but many treatments and therapy are available. If aperson has this disease, it is life-threatening and painful attacks can occur atany time, anywhere. It is important to know the causes and reasons for thedisease so that you can relate to what a person with Sickle Cell Anemia is goingthrough.